波浪激励下红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆机理  

Capsizing mechanism of laterite-nickel ore transport ship under wave excitation

作　　者：陈云赛 段文洋[1] 杨磊 黄礼敏 CHEN Yun-sai;DUAN Wen-yang;YANG Lei;HUANG Li-min(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Department of Technology,National Deep Sea Center,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]国家深海基地管理中心技术部,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《交通运输工程学报》2019年第2期122-135,共14页Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2017YFC0306804;2017YFC0305700);上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室研究基金项目(1715)

摘　　要：选取具有典型流态化货物特征的红土镍矿、高岭土与红砂土进行了临界含水率和流态化试验,测定了其临界含水率;利用激励横摇装置开展了不同激励幅值与频率的激励横摇运动试验,对比了3种不同货物在不同含水率下倾覆力和力矩的时历特性;设计了倾覆机理试验,选择临界含水率红土镍矿作为试验样本,在波浪水槽中造波激励舱段横摇运动,再现了红土镍矿运输船舶的倾覆过程,利用高速摄像机记录了自由液面变化情况,通过图像处理技术对自由液面进行分割,根据自由液面情况分析了红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆过程中舱段的浮心和重心变化。试验结果表明:红土镍矿、红砂土、高岭土的临界含水率分别为33.6%、 22.0%、39.4%;对于具有不同性质的土,在相同激励条件下,晃荡力与力矩呈现出不同的性质;当相位差为90°与270°时,不对称力矩较相位差为0°与180°时增大4.37倍;红土镍矿运输船舶倾覆主要原因为流态化货物晃荡导致横摇力矩增大、动稳性降低而发生倾覆,同时,晃荡力矩与货物性质、激励周期、黏性、激励幅值等多种因素有关。The laterite-nickel ore,kaolin and red sand soil with the characteristics of fluidization typical cargoes were selected to conduct the critical water content test and fluidization test,and the critical water content rate was obtained.Using the excitation rolling device,the excitation rolling motion experiments with different excitation amplitudes and frequencies were carried out.The time history characteristics of overturning force and moment of three different cargoes under different water content rates were compared.Capsizing mechanism test was designed,the laterite-nickel ore with critical water content rate was chose as a sample,and the waves were generated in wave tank to excite rolling motion so as to recreate the capsizing process of the laterite-nickel ore transport ship.The high-speed camera was used to catch the variation of free liquid surface.The free liquid surface was segmented by using the digital processing technology.The changes of floating center and barycenter of laterite-nickel ore transport ship during the capsizing process were also discussed based on the free liquid surface's condition.Analysis result shows that the critical water content rates of the laterite-nickel ore,red sand soil and kaolin are 33.6%,22.0%and 39.4%,respectively.The sloshing force and moment of soils with different natures show different properties even though their excitation conditions are the same.When the phase differences are 90°and 270°,the asymmetric moment increases 4.37 times as much as that when the phase differences are 0°and 180°.The main reason for the capsizing of laterite-nickel ore transport ship is that the liquid cargo's sloshing results in that the rolling moment increases and the dynamic stability decreases.At the same time,the sloshing moment is related to the nature of goods,period of excitation,viscosity,amplitude of incentive and many other factors.2 tabs,21 figs,28 refs.

关 键 词：船舶工程 红土镍矿运输船舶 倾覆机理 晃荡力 砂土液化 波浪激励 

分 类 号：U663.2[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]