黄土区公路边坡土壤水分空间分布特性  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Moisture of Highway Slope in Loess Area

作　　者：奚成刚 王亮 倪栋[3,2] 张建丰 XI Cheng-gang;WANG Liang;NI Dong;ZHANG Jian-feng(Zhonglu Gaoke Traffic Science and Technology Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100088 ,China;Research Institute of Highway,MOC PRC,Beijing 100088 ,China;Key laboratory of Highway Environmental Protection Technology,MOC PRC,Beijing 100088 ,China;Xi'an University of Technology,Shanxi Xi'an 710048 ,China)

机构地区：[1]中路高科交通科技集团有限公司,北京100088 [2]公路交通环境保护技术交通行业重点实验室,北京100088 [3]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088 [4]西安理工大学,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2019年第5期36-42,共7页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0706002);交通运输部应用基础研究(重点平台)项目(2013 319 223 200)

摘　　要：土壤水分是影响黄土区植被生长的关键立地因子。为了掌握黄土区公路路域土壤水分赋存特点,给区内公路绿化和植被恢复提供技术依据,以青兰高速陕西张村驿段为例,采用典型样地调查与自动连续监测相结合的方法,对道路边坡土壤水分分布情况进行了观测,并对边坡土壤水分的空间分布特点进行了分析。结果表明:(1)同层位(深度)土壤水分比较,道路边坡下坡位表层土壤含水量一般高于边坡上坡位,但边坡坡度及防护措施等因素对坡面径流的再分配作用会对表层土壤水分的分布产生影响;挖方边坡中、下层土壤水分横向分布规律基本与表层一致,而填方边坡中、下层土壤水分则呈现无规律横向分布特点。(2)对于同一坡位不同层土壤水分的比较,边坡表层土壤含水量总体水平一般低于中层,且这种差异在阳坡表现尤为明显;边坡表层与中层土壤水分总体水平之间的相关性明显高于表层与下层,说明表、中层土壤含水量之间因存在良好的水力互补关系而具有相对一致的变化规律,但表、下层土壤含水量之间呈不相关或弱相关关系。这种相关性在不同型式边坡上也表现出显著差异,挖方边坡各层间相关性系数明显高于填方边坡。Soil moisture is the key site factor which influencing the vegetation growth in loess area. In order to grasp the characteristics of the soil moisture occurrence in the loess area highway region, and to provide the technical basis for highway greening and vegetation restoration in this region, taking the Zhangcunyi section of Qingdao-Lanzhou expressway in Shaanxi province for example, by combining typical sample-plot investigation with automatic continuous monitoring, we observed the soil moisture distribution of the road slope, and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the soil moisture in the slope. The result shows that(1) by comparing the soil moisture in the same depth, the surface soil moisture content in the down position of the road slope is higher than that in the up position, but the slope and the protective measures and other factors, which lead to the slope surface runoff redistribution, will affect the distribution of the surface soil moisture; the horizontal distribution of soil moisture of the middle and lower layers on the cutting slope is basically consistent with the surface layer, while that of the filling slope shows irregular distribution characteristics;(2) by comparing of soil moistures in different layers of the same slope, the average soil moisture content in the slope surface is generally lower than that of the middle layer, which is obviously in sunny slope; the correlation between the average soil moisture content in the surface and middle layers of slope is significantly higher than that between the surface and lower layers. It shows that because of the good hydraulic complementary relationship, the water contents of surface and middle layers’ soil have relatively consistent change rules. But there is no correlation or weak correlation between water contents of surface and lower layers’ soil. This correlation also shows significant differences in different types of slope, e.g., the interlayer correlation coefficient of cutting slope is obviously higher than that of

关 键 词：道路工程 空间分布 自动连续监测 土壤含水量 黄土区 公路边坡 

分 类 号：U416.15[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]