直立锥滚筒式小区花生脱壳机设计与试验  

Design and Test on Plot Peanut Sheller with Vertical Tapered Drum

作　　者：陆荣 杨德旭[1] 高连兴[1] 刘志侠[1] 刘明国 沈永哲 LU Rong;YANG Dexu;GAO Lianxing;LIU Zhixia;LIU Mingguo;SHEN Yongzhe(College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Ecological Engineering Vocational College,Shenyang 110122,China;Liaoning Agricultural Machination Development Center,Shenyang 110034,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁生态工程职业学院,沈阳110122 [3]辽宁省农业机械化发展中心,沈阳110034

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第5期114-123,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702102);国家自然科学基金项目(51575367;50775151)

摘　　要：对于育种和栽培等科研用小区花生脱壳而言,不但要求脱壳机适应小量脱壳,而且要求脱壳过程中损伤小、清种快捷方便。目前小区试验的花生脱壳主要靠人工作业,脱壳效率低下,容易出现清种不便和不净,造成每个小区处理之间的"混杂"等现象。为此在对现有卧式花生脱壳机特点研究的基础上,提出了直立式锥滚筒花生脱壳方案,进行了脱壳机总体结构设计;在花生荚果脱壳受力分析基础上,确定了锥滚筒脱壳结构及其参数范围;最后以四粒红花生为研究对象,以锥滚筒转速、锥滚筒半锥角、最小脱壳间隙为因素进行性能影响试验,结果表明在锥滚筒转速为340 r/min、锥滚筒半锥角为40°、最小脱壳间隙为10 mm时脱壳综合指标最优,脱净率为97. 84%,损伤率为2. 97%,较好地满足了小区花生脱壳要求。In terms of the shelling in peanut research for breeding and cultivation, the shelling machine is not only been required to be suitable to a small quantity of feeding, but also been required to decrease damage on peanuts and more efficiency and convenience of cleaning the sheller. At present, the shelling of peanuts used for domestic research plot mainly relies on manpower, which always caused “mixed” phenomena as treatments separated plot. In view of above issues, the scheme of peanut sheller with vertical tapered drum was proposed according to the latest study on the characteristics of the existed horizontal peanut hulling mechanisms. And the related design of integrated structure of this kind of sheller was brought out based on the vertical arrangement, including the hulling device, air suction cleaning device and transmission device. As the key components of the sheller, the tapered drum and the screen made up the hulling mechanism that had a great influence on hulling effect. The key components’ parameters were confirmed and the range of the parameter was determined by deeply theoretical analysis. According to the analysis, the responsible parameter interval of hulling device was selected. Taking “Silihong”, a variety of peanut as test material, the roller speed, semi-taper angle of tapered drum and minimum hulling gap as the factors,the peanut removal rate and breakage rate were selected as experimental indexes. The response surface analysis method was used to test the machine performance. The results showed that when the rotating speed of the shelling drum was 340 r/min, the semi-taper angle of the drum was 40°, and the minimum hulling gap was 10 mm, the comprehensive index of shelling was the best, the removal rate was 97.84%, and the breakage rate was 2.97%, which better matched the requirements of plot peanut shelling.

关 键 词：花生 脱壳机 锥滚筒 直立式 小区试验 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S226.4