基于激振理论的玉米多棱摘穗辊设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Vertical Polygonal Roller Snapping Ears of Corn Harvester Based on Excitation Theory

作　　者：耿端阳[1] 王骞 鹿秀凤 于兴瑞 刘洋成 金诚谦 GENG Duanyang;WANG Qian;LU Xiufeng;YU Xingrui;LIU Yangcheng;JIN Chengqian(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Science and Technology Career Academy,Jining 272067,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]山东理工职业学院机电工程学院,济宁272067

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第5期124-132,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR201702180137);山东省农机装备创新研发计划项目(2017YF004;2016YF030)

摘　　要：针对当前纵卧辊式玉米收获机作业存在籽粒啃伤严重和落粒损失大的问题,以激振理论为指导,以玉米果穗与茎秆分离为条件,建立了适于玉米机械化收获的玉米激振摘穗理论模型;以该激振摘穗模型为指导,构建并优化了适于玉米激振运动的摘穗辊外形结构和配置方式,开发了相应的激振摘穗试验台;采用Box-Behnken试验设计方法,研究了激振摘穗辊棱边数、振幅、摘穗辊转速对果穗摘穗过程籽粒破损率和落粒损失率的影响规律,建立了试验因素与考察指标之间的回归方程,并生成了相应的响应曲面。结果表明,激振摘穗装置中棱边数、振幅和摘穗辊转速对收获过程果穗籽粒破损率和落粒损失率有显著的影响。以非线性规划理论为指导,确定了最佳组合为摘穗辊转速950 r/min、棱边数8、振幅0. 75 cm,在该条件下进行了试验验证,得出平均籽粒破损率为0. 124%,平均落粒损失率为0. 228%,均低于国家玉米收获机械技术标准要求。Corn has become the first major crop in place of rice and wheat in recent years, thereby significantly influencing the lives of people given the increase in production of corn. Corn snapping roller is the main component of a corn harvesting machine and exerts a crucial effect on the quality of corn harvest. Aiming at the problems of serious grains gnawing and large loss of falling grains in the operation of vertical and horizontal roll corn harvester, a theoretical model of maize excitation heading suitable for mechanized harvesting was established under the condition of separation of ear and stalk of maize under the guidance of excitation theory. Under the guidance of the model, the shape structure and configuration of the picking roll suitable for the corn excitation movement were constructed and optimized, and the corresponding excitation heading test-bed was developed. Box Behnken experimental design method was used to study the effects of key parameters such as edge number, amplitude and rotation speed of excitation picking roll on grain loss rate and gnawing rate during ear picking. The regression equation between experimental factors and inspection indexes was established, and the corresponding response surface was generated. The results showed that the number of edges, the amplitude and the rotation speed of the picking roll had significant effects on the grain loss rate and the gnawing rate during harvesting. Finally, under the guidance of the theory of non-linear programming, the best combination of the above three experimental factors was obtained, namely, the rotation speed of the picking roll of 950 r/min, the number of edges of 8, and the amplitude of 0.75 cm. Under these conditions, the average loss rate of corn grains during heading process was 0.228%, and the average breakage rate of corn grains was 0.124%, which was lower than the national technical standard of corn harvesting machinery. The research result provided theoretical support for the popularization and application of this technology.

关 键 词：玉米收获机 激振 摘穗 籽粒破损率 落粒损失率 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]