不同程度盐渍化农田下玉米产量对水氮调控的响应  

Response of Maize Yield to Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate in Different Salinization Farmlands

作　　者：徐昭[1] 史海滨[1] 李仙岳[1] 周慧 付小军 李正中 XU Zhao;SHI Haibin;LI Xianyue;ZHOU Hui;FU Xiaojun;LI Zhengzhong(College of Water Conservation and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,China;Shahaoqu Irrigation Experimental Station,Jiefangzha Management Bureau of Hetao Irrigation District,Bayannur 015400,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域管理局沙壕渠试验站,巴彦淖尔015400

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第5期334-343,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51539005;51769024);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400205);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201602049)

摘　　要：为探究玉米产量对不同程度盐渍化农田水氮调控的响应规律,通过田间试验,在3种盐渍化农田(S1,0. 247 d S/m; S2,0. 839 d S/m; S3,1. 286 d S/m)上设置3个灌溉量(W1,150 mm; W2,225 mm; W3,300 mm(常规灌溉量))和3个施氮量(N1,172. 5 kg/hm^2; N2,258. 8 kg/hm^2; N3,345 kg/hm^2(常规施氮量)),结合模型模拟研究了不同盐渍土条件下玉米产量对水氮调控的响应。结果表明:灌水显著影响S1、S2和S3玉米产量,产量随着灌水量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势。施氮显著影响S1、S2和S3玉米产量,S1和S2上的产量随施氮量的增加先增后降,而S3上的产量总体呈现逐渐减少趋势。随着土壤盐渍程度的加重,水氮交互效应对产量影响增大。水氮交互对S1玉米产量影响不显著(P> 0. 05),W2N2较W3N3、W3N2减产4. 41%、6. 56%(P> 0. 05),非盐渍土在水分较好和氮素适宜时才可得到较大产量,但适度节水控氮不会显著减产。水氮交互显著影响S2玉米产量(P <0. 05),W2N2产量显著高于其余水氮处理(P <0. 05),中度盐渍土需供应适宜水氮。水氮交互极显著影响S3玉米产量(P <0. 01),W2N1产量显著高于其余水氮处理(P <0. 05),重度盐渍土在适宜水分和较少供氮时才可得到较高产量。经模型寻优得到河套灌区玉米节水节氮高产的水氮用量为:非盐渍土,灌水量253. 74～286. 26 mm,施氮量267. 65～318. 85 kg/hm^2;中度盐渍土,灌水量233. 25～268. 17 mm,施氮量225. 22～272. 56 kg/hm^2;重度盐渍土,灌水量196. 94～243. 06 mm,施氮量179. 15～223. 35 kg/hm^2。Hetao Irrigation District (HID) is a main grain production region in China, but it is characterized by less rainfall. Water shortage, soil salinization and excessive application of chemical fertilizers are main important factors that restricting the food and environmental safety in HID. Reasonable and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources on saline soil to improve crop production efficiency and reduce non-point source pollution of nitrogen are the effective ways to relieve the problem. Referring to the local conventional irrigation (300 mm) and nitrogen amount (345 kg/hm^2 ) in HID, a field interactive experiment with three irrigation amounts and three nitrogen amounts was carried out in three salinization farmlands (S1, 0.247 dS/m;S2, 0.839 dS/m;S3, 1.286 dS/m) respectively. Three irrigation amounts were 150 mm, 225 mm and 300 mm, which was marked as W1, W2, and W3, respectively, and three nitrogen amounts were 172.5 kg/hm^2 , 258.8 kg/hm^2 and 345 kg/hm^2 , marking as N1, N2 and N3, respectively. The coupling model of water and nitrogen for maize with border irrigation under three saline soils was established and optimized, and the field experiment combined with model simulation was used to explore the response of maize yield to water and nitrogen regulation in different salinized soils, and provide scientific basis for reasonable irrigation and nitrogen management. Main conclusions were as follows: the maize yields were significantly affected by irrigation in S1, S2 and S3 soils. The yield of maize was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation volume in S1, S2 and S3 soils. In addition, maize yields were significantly affected by nitrogen rate in S1, S2 and S3 soils ( P <0.05). The yield of S1 and S2 soils was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate, but it was decreased gradually as a whole in S3 soils. With the increase of soil salinity, the interactive effect of water and nitrogen on yield was enhanced. Water and nitrogen interacti

关 键 词：玉米 盐渍化农田 地面灌溉 水氮耦合 产量效应 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S156.46[农业科学—农业工程]