供电企业职工职业压力及相关因素研究  

Occupational stress and related factors in a power supply enterprise

作　　者：刘国恒[1] 黄苑 夏英华[1] 曹蓉[1] 蔡荟 许克豪 姜虹 何群[1] LIU Guo-heng;HUANG Yuan;XIA Ying-hua;GAO Rong;CAI Hui;XU Ke-hao;JIANG Hong;HE Qun(Guangdong Institute of Public Health,Guangdong Provincial Certer for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 511430,China;Shenzhen Power Supply Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院,广东广州511430 [2]深圳供电局有限公司

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2019年第2期133-137,共5页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳供电局有限公司基于体检大数据的职工大健康体系构建及研究应用项目(090000KK52180007-025)

摘　　要：目的对供电企业职工工作压力程度及来源进行调查和分析,为企业开展职工健康管理提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在深圳供电局下属变电、输电、区供电局和职能部门等4类部门对在岗职工进行问卷调查,调查内容包括职工的人口学情况、职业压力程度与来源等。采用卡方检验、有序多分类logistic回归分析方法对供电企业职工职业压力及相关因素进行分析。结果共调查1 508人,其中1 383份问卷纳入统计分析,占深圳供电局在岗职工人数的27.54%(1 383/5 022)。调查对象男女比例为3.17∶1,平均年龄36岁,以本科学历为主(占62.11%),婚姻状况以已婚为主(占70.35%),工龄以<10年为主(占45.12%),平均工龄为14年。1 309名供电企业职工有不同程度职业压力,占94.6%。职业压力来源于工作任务多(占65.5%)、薪资水平低(占50.1%)、工作节奏快(占39.0%)、客户投诉(占25.9%)、工作环境差(占19.0%)、同事间人际关系紧张(占7.5%)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,工作任务多(OR=4.05)、工作节奏快(OR=4.24)、客户投诉(OR=2.41)、工作环境差(OR=1.50)、薪资水平低(OR=1.67)和10～29年工龄(OR=2.01、2.09)是职工职业压力严重程度的危险因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论深圳市供电企业职工职业压力人群较多,压力程度较高,建议针对不同压力来源制定精准的压力缓解策略。Objective To investigate and analyze the degree and source of working stress in a power supply enterprise. Methods Using stratified random sampling method,questionnaire survey was conducted among employees in four departments of Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau:substation,transmission,district power supply bureau,and functional department. The contents of the investigation included demographic characteristics,degree and source of occupational stress and so on. Chi-square test and ordered multiple classification logistic regression were used to explore occupational stress and related factors in the power supply enterprise. Results A total of 1 508 people were investigated,of whom 1 383 questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis,accounting for 27.54% of the total number of employees in Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau(1 383/5 022).Their average age was 36 years old and the male to female sex ratio was 3.17∶1. Of the respondents,62.11% had undergraduate degree,70.35% were married,and 45.12% worked for less than 10 years. The average length of working age was 14 years. Of 1309 employees,94.6% had different degrees of occupational stress. Sources of occupational stress were overload(65.5%),low pay(50.1%),fast pace of work(39.0%),customer complaints(25.9%),poor working environment(19.0%),and tense interpersonal relationship among colleagues(7.5%). The ordered multiclassification logistic regression analysis showed that overload(OR=4.05),fast pace of work(OR=4.24),customer complaints(OR=2.41),poor working environment(OR=1.50),low pay(OR=1.67),and 10 to 29 years of working age(OR=2.01,2.09)were risk factors for the severity of occupational stress(P <0.05 or P< 0.01).Conclusion Occupational stress existed in most employees in Shenzhen power supply enterprises. It is suggested to formulate accurate stress relief strategies according to different sources of occupational stress.

关 键 词：健康管理 压力 因素分析 统计学 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]