马尔代夫萨利赫政府政治改革探析  

Study on President Ibu Mohamed Solih Administration's Political Reform in Maldives

作　　者：王娟娟[1] Wang Juanjuan

机构地区：[1]四川大学南亚研究所

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2019年第2期85-99,156,共16页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2018年度四川省社会科学研究"十三五"规划一般项目"特朗普政府南亚战略与中国的应对"(项目批准号:SC18B046)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：萨利赫就任总统后迅速在马尔代夫启动了新一轮政治改革,萨利赫政府主要采取了废除反民主与人权的法律、遏止贪腐之风、推进司法改革和修复央地关系等改革措施。萨利赫政府的政治改革受到执政党联盟中主要政党的执政理念、马尔代夫政党政治、马尔代夫国内政治与国际政治互嵌等重要因素的影响,其中民主党作为执政党联盟中的实力最强的政党所秉持的自由民主主义政治理念是萨利赫政府推行政治改革的最重要原因。萨利赫政府的政治改革是对2008年宪政改革精神的延续与继承,且具有显著的"去亚明化"特征。当前,萨利赫政府的政治改革在国内与国际产生了良好效应,获得国内的普遍支持和印度以及西方国家的积极评价。然而,萨利赫的政治改革需面对来自国内伊斯兰教保守势力与旧政治集团的反扑、执政党联盟内部的分歧以及域内外大国的干预等方面的挑战。After Ibrahim Ibu Mohamed Solih took his office, he has launched a new round of political reform quickly. Firstly, the Solih administration has abolished several laws which are against democracy and human rights. Secondly, the Solih administration combats corruption. Thirdly, the Solih administration has launched reforms in the judiciary system. Finally, the Solih administration has restored the powers and responsibilities of local councils to fix the relationship between central and local governments which had worsened during President Yameen administration. Solih administration's political reform is influenced by the main political parties in the ruling party alliance, party politics, the mutual integration of domestic and international politics in Maldives. Among of them, Maldivian Democratic Party's political concept in ruling parties alliance is the main reason of Solih administration's political reforms. The political reform is the continuation and inheritance of the spirit of constitutional reform in 2008, and has a significant feature of "de-Yameen". The political reform has brought positive effects and received widespread support at home and positive comments from India and western countries. However, the Solih adminsitration's political reform faces challenges, such as the counterattack of domestic Islam traditional conservative forces and old political bloc, the differences between ruling parties alliance and the intervention of major powers in and outside the region.

关 键 词：马尔代夫 萨利赫政府 政治改革 效应 挑战 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77.22[政治法律—中外政治制度]