世界高水平女子撑竿跳高运动员持竿助跑至插穴起跳技术特征研究  

Technical characteristics of world elite women pole-vaulters in run-up and take-off stage

作　　者：许占鸣 李铁录 梁美富 XU Zhan-ming;LI Tie-lu;LIANG Mei-fu(Sport Coaching College,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学中国田径运动学院,北京100084

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2019年第2期112-118,共7页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2019PT001)

摘　　要：运用视频拍摄、影像解析等方法对2015年世界田径锦标赛女子撑竿跳高项目前12名运动员的持竿助跑和插穴起跳技术进行分析,揭示当代顶级女子撑竿跳高运动员持竿助跑至插穴起跳技术特征。研究认为:世界高水平女子撑竿跳高运动员持竿助跑的技术特征:1)全程助跑节奏随着撑竿倾角的逐渐降低而逐渐加快,女子选手呈现出"追竿"式助跑技术特征。2)倒四步助跑过程中助跑速度与撑竿的降竿幅度均达到最大,通过加大倒二步步长完成举竿动作,通过缩短倒一步步长来减少水平速度的损失,女子选手的持竿助跑动作呈现出"人—竿"协同的技术特征。世界高水平女子撑竿跳高运动员插穴起跳技术特征:1)撑竿插穴动作略领先于起跳脚着地动作,起跳脚蹬伸时间略领先于撑竿制动时间,起跳时机相对提前,女子选手呈现出"自由"式起跳技术特征。2)运动员起跳点相对较远、插竿幅度较大、重心腾起角较小以及撑竿较小的弯曲程度是女子选手减小水平速度损失的技术特征。Using video capture method and image analytic method, this paper conducted an analysis on run-up and take-off stage of 12 top female pole-vaulters in the World Championships in Athletics in 2015 and revealed the technical characteristics in run-up and take-off stage. Study suggests that the technical characteristics in run-up stage: 1) The entire run-up rhythm gradually increased along with the pole angle gradually reduced, reflecting "chasing pole" run up technical characteristic;2) A maximum of run-up speed and pole reduction in last four steps, the last second step, the pole-vaulters finish the lifting pole movement by enlarging the length of the last two step, reduce the loss of horizontal velocity by shorting the length of the last step, reflecting "human-pole" technical characteristic. The technical characteristics in take-off stage: 1) The movement of pole planting prior to jump foot landing, the time of jump foot pedaling and stretching prior to pole braking, take-off time relatively early, showing a "free" take-off technology characteristics;2) The take-off point is relative far,the range of pole planting is bigger,the center of gravity leaps angle is smaller,the bending pole degree is smaller,all above reducing the loss of horizontal velocity.

关 键 词：撑竿跳高 持竿助跑 插穴起跳 技术特征 

分 类 号：G823.2[文化科学—体育训练]