Visible light promoted difunctionalization reactions of alkynes  

可见光促进的炔烃的双官能团化反应（英文）

作　　者：Xiang Ren Zhan Lu 任翔;陆展(浙江大学化学系,浙江杭州310058)

机构地区：[1]Department of Chemistry,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》2019年第7期1003-1019,共17页催化学报（英文）

基　　金：supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR19B020001);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21472162,21772171);the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB856600)~~

摘　　要：Visible light promoted difunctionalization of alkynes is reviewed. The difunctionalization reaction is achieved by different reagents. Radicals such as carbon(sp3), carbon(sp2), and other heteroatom(P, S, N, Se, O, and halide) radicals initiated by visible light can undergo radical addition to a carbon-carbon triple bond. Upon further transformation, the desired difunctionalized products are obtained. Some organometallic complexes can be activated by visible light;the difunctionalization of alkynes is catalyzed by these species. Other reagents like 1,3-dipole precursors could also react with alkynes to give difunctionalization products;here, the 1,3-dipole derivatives are obtained by visible light photocatalysis. So far, the strategy has been succeeded in the formation of C–C bonds and C–X bonds. Several valuable chemical skeletons have been constructed under mild conditions. However, high regio-and stereoselectivities in some direct difunctionalization methodologies are yet to be achieved.炔烃是一类易于制备且来源广泛的化合物,具有很高的反应活性.炔烃的双官能团化反应是一种直接、高效地构建各类有用分子骨架的策略.可见光作为一种绿色、清洁、来源广泛且丰富的能源,近几年在化学领域受到广泛关注,在烯烃的双官能团化等反应中有着重要应用.可见光促进的炔烃双官能团化反应在过去几年也得到了迅猛的发展.本综述从可见光促进的自由基历程,以及可见光促进与过渡金属联用两个方面讨论了可见光促进的炔烃双官能团化反应.可见光催化剂具有独特的单电子氧化还原特性,可与底物发生单电子转移,生成相应的自由基.一方面,各类型自由基如碳(sp^3, sp^2)自由基和杂原子(P, S, N, Se, Br, O)自由基可在可见光促进下生成,与碳碳叁键发生自由基加成反应后,生成的烯基自由基在之后的转化中形成双官能团化产物.自由基加成炔烃策略已被应用于一系列有用分子骨架的构建.然而,该策略在内炔烃及脂肪族炔烃上表现不佳.同时,其区域选择性和立体选择性也尚待提高.作为补充,可见光促进的单电子氧化还原形成1,3-偶极子与炔烃发生环加成反应的策略也在近期得到发展,但该类反应因需要特定的反应前体而受到限制.另一方面,可见光促进的单电子氧化炔烃,进而与亲核试剂反应的方法同样在近期得到发展.该方法为炔烃的双官能团化反应提供了新的思路.然而,炔烃较高的还原电势是该方法尚待解决的一个难题.利用过渡金属配合物可与叁键配位发生环金属化或者插入反应的特性,采用可见光促进与过渡金属联用策略来实现炔烃的双官能团化反应也受到研究者的重视.金属配合物在可见光照射下被活化,活化后的金属物种可与炔烃反应生成烯基金属物种,该物种为炔烃双官能团化的活性中间体.该策略可以高效地转化内炔烃和末端炔烃,同时其�

关 键 词：Visible light photocatalysis Difunctionalization CYCLIZATION ALKYNE Redox catalyst 

分 类 号：O621.251[理学—有机化学]