西瓜未受精子房离体培养技术  

Study on the technology of unfertilized ovary culture in watermelon

作　　者：龚思 梁少华 严静怡 邹甜[1] 杨洁 楚箫 陈泽南 孙小武[1] GONG Si;LIANG Shaohua;YAN Jingyi;ZOU Tian;YANG Jie;CHU Xiao;CHEN Zenan;SUN Xiaowu(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺园林学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第5期17-21,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)

摘　　要：西瓜未受精子房离体培养作为单倍体育种的有效方法,可极大提高育种效率。以西瓜‘早佳’未受精子房为试材,对西瓜未受精子房出胚率的影响因素进行了研究,并鉴定了再生植株倍性。试验结果表明,栽培季节对西瓜未受精子房离体培养有很重要的影响,在相同的培养条件下,秋季栽培出胚率可达21.33%,高出春季栽培约6%;取材当天的日最低、最高气温对西瓜未受精子房离体培养出胚率也有一定的影响,在21~35℃范围内日平均出胚率均可达10%,显著高于过低或过高气温下统计的出胚率;4℃低温预处理并不能提高西瓜胚状体诱导效率。利用染色体计数法与流式细胞仪鉴定36棵再生植株倍性,单倍体率为97%、二倍体率为3%。In vitro culture of unfertilized ovary of watermelon is an effective method for haploid breeding. In this experiment, unfertilized ovaries of‘Zaojia’were chosen to study the factors affecting the germination rate of unfertilized ovary, also identify the regenerated plant ploidy. The results showed that the cultivation season was an important factor on the in vitro culture of unfertilized ovary of watermelon. In the same cultivate conditions, the induction rate which draw materials of autumn was 21.33%, about 6% higher than that in spring. The lowest and highest temperature of the day when materials selected also affect the induction rate, within the range of the 21-35 ℃, the average induction rate can reach 10%, significantly higher than the induction rate on the temperature too low or too high;Low temperature pretreatment (4 ℃) can not improve the efficiency of watermelon embryoid induction rate. We acquired 36 regeneration plants and used chromosome counting and flow cytometry to determine the ploidy levels of them. The ploidy of regeneration plants was clarified as 97% haploid, 3% diploid.

关 键 词：西瓜 未受精子房 单倍体 倍性鉴定 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]