不同西瓜品种幼苗期抗旱特性  

Drought resistance characteristics of different watermelon varieties at seedling stage

作　　者：辛亚军 陈思谨 邵发琦 王骋臻 周彬 陈丽妍 李金霞[1] 孙小妹[1] XIN Yajun;CHEN Sijin;SHAO Faqi;WANG Chengzhen;ZHOU Bin;CHEN Liyan;LI Jinxia;SUN Xiaomei(School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Collage of LifeScience and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第5期28-33,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：甘肃农业大学大学生研究训练计划SRTP项目(20171350);甘肃省青年科技基金计划(18JR3RA187);甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW-2015-17)

摘　　要：为了明确参试西瓜材料的抗旱性强弱及抗旱机制,采用盆栽控水试验模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对4 个西瓜品种幼苗期的形态、生理特性的影响,利用隶属函数法比较参试材料的抗旱性强弱。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,除‘金城5 号’外其他3 个品种的MDA 含量显著上升。水分亏缺时可溶性糖含量在4 个品种中显著增加,其中‘金城5 号’的绝对值显著高于其他3 个品种;可溶性蛋白在‘甜籽1 号’‘金城5 号’和‘sweet crimson’中显著上升,在‘京欣二号’中变化不显著。分析渗透调节物的结果表明,在‘甜籽1 号’和‘sweet crimson’中,可溶性蛋白是应对干旱胁迫的主要渗透物质;‘京欣二号’中可溶性糖较可溶性蛋白的渗透调节作用要强;‘金城5 号’中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白均在渗透调节过程中起作用。水分胁迫下4 个品种的光合速率显著下降,胞间CO2 浓度显著上升;除‘金城5 号’外,其他3 个品种的蒸腾速率、气孔导度和整株生物量显著下降,表明‘甜籽一号’‘京欣二号’和‘sweet crimson’的光合速率随水分亏缺下降的内在原因为非气孔限制;‘金城5 号’胞间CO2 浓度的升高和光合速率的下降,是叶肉细胞的光合活性减弱的结果。利用隶属函数法综合比较发现,‘金城5 号’的抗旱性强于其他3 个品种。In order to clarify the drought tolerance and mechanism of pot-grown four watermelon varieties faced with water deficiency, the influence of drought stress on their morphological and physiological indexes was studied. Drought resistance of these watermelon varieties was preliminarily confirmed by membership function evaluation method. The results showed that, except for‘Jincheng No. 5’, the concentrations of MDA increased with increasing drought stress in other three varieties. Soluble protein content significantly increased in‘Tianzi No. 1’and‘Jincheng No. 5’following water deficiency, while drought stress had no significant effect on soluble protein content in‘Jingxin No. 2’. Soluble sugar content significantly increased with increasing water stress in four watermelon varieties. Except for‘Jincheng No. 5’, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and biomass of per plant decreased with increasing water deficiency in other three varieties, suggesting that non-stomatal limitation contribute to decreasing physiological rate and increasing intercellular CO2 concentration. Increased photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells was the reason for increasing intercellular CO2 concentration and decreasing photosynthetic rate in‘Jincheng No. 5’under water stress. The result of membership function evaluation method showed that the drought resistance of‘Jincheng No. 5’was stronger than other three varieties.

关 键 词：西瓜 干旱胁迫 生理响应 抗旱性 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]