算法歧视挑战下平等权保护的危机与应对  

Crisis and Response of Equal Rights Protection under the Challenge of Algorithmic Discrimination

作　　者：崔靖梓 Cui Jingzi

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2019年第3期29-42,共14页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：基于大数据和人工智能的算法服务日益扩大,算法正以一种悄然又迅猛的方式渗透于我们的日常生活和社会运转之中。算法并不是客观的,它会以算法歧视的形式给传统的平等权保护带来危机,包括平等理念危机、歧视识别危机和平等权保护模式危机。危机的根源在于算法权力正在逐渐形成一种"准公权力",使得传统的权力格局发生了权力主体去中心化、权力作用范围的延展化和权力互动的双向化之变迁;而算法设计的效率导向、作为算法运行基础的数据之偏差与算法黑箱造成的透明度缺失共同触发了算法歧视。为了应对平等权保护危机、破解算法歧视的谜题,从法律体系外部框架切入的大破大立研究与立基于法律体系内部的精致作业同时进行,推动人工智能时代法律的自觉型发展以规制算法歧视、保障平等权就显得尤为必要。我们可通过建构人工智能学习权和借鉴美国平等权保护领域中的差别性影响标准以识别算法歧视,同时采用法律与代码相结合的双重保护模式,把握平等权保护与科技创新之间的平衡。The use of algorithm services based on big data and artificial intelligence is expanding,and algorithms are infiltrating into our daily lives and social operations in a quiet and rapid way.The algorithm is not objective.It will bring crisis to the traditional protection of rights of equality in the form of algorithmic discrimination,including the crisis of equality concept,the crisis of discrimination identification and the crisis of rights of equality protection mode.The root of the crisis lies in the fact that the power of the algorithm is gradually forming a kind of"quasi-public power",which makes the traditional power structure changed,including the decentralization of the power subject,the extension of the power scope and the two-way change of power interaction.But the efficiency of algorithm design,the deviation of data as the basis of algorithm operation and the lack of transparency caused by algorithm black box jointly trigger the discrimination of algorithm.In order to deal with the crisis of equal rights protection crisis and cracking discrimination of algorithms,the research from the external framework of the legal system has to carry out simultaneously with the exquisite work within the legal system,promoting the conscious development of law in the era of artificial intelligence to regulate the discrimination of algorithms and protect the rights of equality.It is proposed to identify the discrimination of the algorithm by constructing artificial intelligence learning rights and learning the disparate impact standard in the field of equal protection in the United States,and adopting the dual protection mode combining law and code to keep the balance between equal rights protection and technological innovation.

关 键 词：平等权 危机 算法歧视 人工智能 

分 类 号：D909[政治法律—法学理论]