海军某部军人心理特征及其对认知能力的影响  

Psychological characteristics and the effect on cognitive ability in a naval troop

作　　者：赵云[1] 王雪[1] 马婧 弓景波 王世达 田鹏 谢方 钱令嘉 ZHAO Yun;WANG Xue;MA Jing;GONG Jing-bo;WANG Shi-da;TIAN Peng;XIE Fang;QIAN Ling-jia(Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100850,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院军事认知与脑科学研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《军事医学》2018年第12期891-894,共4页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：国防科技创新课题资助项目(1716312ZT00216401);国家军用标准课题资助项目(BWS13B103)

摘　　要：目的探讨海军某部军人负性情绪水平及其对认知功能的影响。方法使用抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表(DASS)、空间注意广度、数字译码、连续加法和心理运动警觉测试,有效评估131名男性军人的心理与认知水平。结果军人主观抑郁、焦虑、压力得分在正常范围,但略高于国内成年居民,中度以上焦虑发生率最高(32. 8%),压力次之(19. 8%),抑郁最低(12. 2%)。高生活环境封闭度与工作负荷是机体出现情绪障碍的重要影响因素。中度以上主观压力状态下,机体抑郁和焦虑情绪显著增加,且重度及以上抑郁、焦虑个体多见于高压力组。高主观压力引起机体空间注意广度减退、心算能力降低、短时记忆容量下降及反应时延长。结论主观压力是军人抑郁、焦虑的主要原因,高压力体验直接造成机体认知功能损伤。提示在部队中开展减压管理,有助于减缓负性情绪,提升认知能力和作业绩效的保持能力。Objective To investigate negative emotions and the effect of psychological pressure( stress) on cognitive function in naval soldiers. Methods A total of 131 males were availably assessed with the Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale( DASS),the visual-spatial attention span task,digit symbol task,the continuous adding test and psychomotor vigilance task. Results The mean score of three subscales of DASS in the military was normal,and the prevalence of moderate to extremely severe psychological distress,such as anxiety,was the highest( 32. 8%),while depression was the least common( 12. 2%). Stress loading was an important factor that influenced negative emotions,such as garrison environmental closure and workload. High-score stress was associated with a significant increase in depression and anxiety and a decline in cognitive function. Conclusion Stress is a primary cause of depression and anxiety in naval servicemen,and it could directly lead to impairment of cognitive ability. Targeted measures should be taken to alleviate stress and anxiety while enhancing cognitive competence and work performance.

关 键 词：负性情绪 认知能力 军事应激 抑郁 焦虑 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] R82[医药卫生—医学心理学]