试析经脉脏腑相关理论的文化因素  

Cultural factors in the theories of meridians and zangfu organs

作　　者：张倩[1] 周美启 ZHANG Qian;ZHOU Mei-qi(Anbui University of CM,Hefei 230012,China;Bozhou Institute of TCM,Anbui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Bozhou 236800)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学,合肥230012 [2]安徽省中医药科学院亳州中医药研究所,亳州236800

出　　处：《中国针灸》2019年第5期535-539,共5页Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:81273858;81674058;国家重点研发计划:2018YFC1704600

摘　　要：经脉脏腑相关理论的形成过程较为漫长,受不同时期文化因素的影响,如"天六地五"学说、"天之十二"学说、"二十八宿"学说、三阴三阳学说、古代官制理论,其理论发生了更替、变革,甚至是出现与事实相背离的现象。受"天六地五"学说影响,早期经络文献只记载十一脉,"天之十二"学说将经脉之数由十一发展为十二,十二经脉之外的联系之脉则归入络脉、奇经八脉范畴。三阴三阳理论是经脉脏腑相关理论与实际相脱离的重要因素,手三阳经所主病候与大肠、小肠和三焦无关,主治腧穴也位于下肢。受古代职官制度的影响,心为君主之官,心包代心受邪,将主治心脏病证的手厥阴脉与心包相配,手少阴脉独无腧。深入剖析经脉脏腑相关理论中的文化因素,剥离其中不符合临床实践的要素,对今后的经脉脏腑相关研究具有重要意义。It takes quite a long process in the formation of the relevant theories of meridians and zangfu organs and many cultural factors are involved in the development of these theories at different eras,e.g."the five evolution and six climatic factors","twelve as the representing number of universe","twenty-eight stars","three yin and three yang"and"ancient bureaucratic system".Some of the theories are not coincident with the clinical practice at present.By the influence of the doctrine as"the five evolution and six climatic factors",only eleven meridians were recorded in the early ancient literature.Due to the saying"twelve as the representing number of universe",twelve meridians were developed and the other related meridians classified into the categories as the collaterals and the extraordinary meridians.Because of the theory of three yin and three yang,it is understandable why the indications of the clinical practices are not correlated with the relevant theories of meridians and zangfu organs.For example,the indications of three yang meridians of hand are not related to the large intestine,the small intestine and sanjiao,and the corresponding acupoints in the treatment for the related disorders are located in the lower extremities.The ancient bureaucratic system had affected the understanding of the zangfu organs functions.For example,the heart is regarded as the monarch,protected by the pericardium.The hand-jueyin meridian-related cardiac disorders match with the pericardium.Hence,the cardiac disorders are treated by the acupoints of the hand-jueyin meridian rather than the hand-shaoyin meridian.In this paper,the cultural factors in the theories of meridians and zangfu organs are deeply analyzed and those factors that are not coincident with the present clinical practice are separated.The analytic results are significant to the future research on meridians and zangfu organs.

关 键 词：经脉 脏腑 经脉脏腑相关 文化 

分 类 号：R245[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]