2014年北京市某区不同空气质量下大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的特征与来源分析  

Characteristics and Sources Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Particulate Matters under Different Air Quality in a District of Beijing in 2014

作　　者：张秀川[1] 赵健[1,2] 王婷[2] 王振杰 牛勇[2] 戴宇飞[2] 张利平[1] 李望晨[1] 段化伟[2] ZHANG Xiuchuan;ZHAO Jian;WANG Ting;WANG Zhenjie;NIU Yong;DAI Yufei;ZHANG Liping;LI Wangchen;DUAN Huawei

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生与管理学院 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2019年第2期97-102,107,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0211604);国家自然科学基金(81872664)

摘　　要：目的了解北京市春季大气颗粒物中多环芳烃分布现状及来源特征。方法记录北京市环境保护监测中心公布的空气质量信息,采用大气颗粒物采样仪在北京市某区进行采样。索式提取法提取细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中的有机物,用气相色谱—质谱联用仪定量分析PAHs,分子诊断比值法分析多环芳烃的来源。结果环境空气质量指数(AQI)日均值与蒽、荧蒽、苯并[a]蒽、■、苯并[b]荧蒽、茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘呈现正相关,与苊、芴呈负相关,其中与苯并[b]荧蒽的相关系数最高(r=0.772)。随着空气质量由优到严重污染发展,苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[ghi]苝三种多环芳烃质量浓度有上升的趋势且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);苊、芴、菲、芘四种多环芳烃质量浓度有下降的趋势且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);特征来源分析发现,空气质量为优和良的情况下细颗粒物中PAHs主要来源于石油和液态化石燃料的燃烧;空气质量为重度和严重污染的情况下,PAHs来源除了液态化石燃料燃烧外还有木材和煤炭燃烧。结论 2014年北京市某区春季的大气细颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要来源于煤和化石燃料的燃烧,可能与居民取暖和交通污染有关。Objectives To investigate the source characteristics and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matters in Spring in Beijing. Methods The air quality information published by the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Monitoring Center and air samples were collected by using atmospheric particulate matter sampler in a district of Beijing. The organic matters in PM2.5 were extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method, and the PAHs were quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The molecular diagnostic ratio method was used to analyze the source of PAHs. Results The daily mean value of AQI was positively correlated with anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo[a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b] fluoranthene, and lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene;and negatively correlated with acenaphthene and fluorene. Among them, the correlation coefficient with benzo[b] fluoranthene was the highest,(r=0.772). With the deterioration of air quality, the concentrations of benzo[a] pyrene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, and Benzo(g,hi)perylene were increased and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01);in addition, the levels of lanthanum, cerium, phenanthrene, and anthracene were decreased, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). According to the characteristics and source analysis, in the cases of excellent and good air quality, the PAHs in particulate matters were mainly originated from the combustion of petroleum substances and liquid fossil fuels. In the cases of heavy pollution and severe pollution, the PAHs were mainly originated from the combustion of wood and coal, besides liquid fossil fuels. Conclusions Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate matters in spring of 2014 in Beijing were mainly originated from the combustion of coal and fossil fuels, which might be related to residential heating and traffic pollution.

关 键 词：细颗粒物 多环芳烃 空气质量状况 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]