燕麦分子育种研究进展  

Advances in Molecular Breeding of Oats

作　　者：吴斌[1] 郑殿升[1] 严威凯 申状状 晏林 张宗文[1] WU Bin;ZHENG Dian-sheng;YAN Wei-kai;SHEN Zhuang-zhuang;YAN Lin;ZHANG Zong-wen(Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081;Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa KIA 0C6)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]加拿大农业和农业食品部

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2019年第3期485-495,共11页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：农作物种质资源保护与利用专项(2018NWB036-01);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-A1)~~

摘　　要：燕麦是一种主要生长在温带冷凉地区的粮饲兼用作物,近年来燕麦的营养价值和降低胆固醇特性的发现使人们认识到燕麦及其制品是一种健康食品,促进了燕麦产业发展,对燕麦品种培育提出了更高要求。在此背景下,现代生物技术与常规育种技术结合是满足这一需求的重要途经。本文综述了国内外燕麦分子育种方面的研究进展:(1)我国燕麦种质资源的收集与遗传多样性研究。我国的燕麦种质资源收集工作起始于20世纪50年代,迄今收集并保存了5282份燕麦种质资源。对这些资源的遗传多样性分析研究表明,国内的燕麦种质资源中内蒙古和山西的资源多样性最高;(2)利用各种分子标记构建燕麦遗传连锁图谱研究;(3)一些重要农艺性状的QTL定位研究以及全基因组关联分析研究。包括产量、含油量、β-葡聚糖含量、蛋白质含量、抽穗期、抗病基因、抗冻性等重要农艺性状;(4)标记辅助基因组选择技术在燕麦中的应用;(5)燕麦遗传工程育种研究进展。同时,本文将国内的主要研究进展与国外相关的最新研究成果进行了比较,并对当前分子育种中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨,希望能为今后通过生物技术手段培育燕麦新品种提供一定的参考。Oat(Avena sativa L.)is a grass species grown as a grain or forage crop predominantly in temperate short-season regions. In recent decades,the discovery of the nutrient-rich and cholesterol-lowering properties has led to wider appreciation of Oat as health food. Oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important crop for the people in number of countries. In order to meet the increasing demands by the development of Oat industry,modern Oat breeding requires the combination of modern molecular biology technology and traditional breeding methods. This article reviews world-wide main achievements and challenges in Oat genetics and breeding programs.(1)Collection and genetic diversity analysis of Oat germplasm resource in China. Since the1950 s,China has been collecting oat germplasm throughout the country. As a result,today 5,282 accessions of oats have been collected and stored in the national genebank in Beijing. Genetic diversity analysis found that accessions from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi were the most diverse.(2)Oat genetic linkage map constructed by different kinds of molecular marks,including restriction fragment length polymorphism,amplified fragment length polymorphism,sequence-related amplified polymorphism,simple sequence repeats,and single nucleotide polymorphism.(3)Using bi-parental populations,some important quantitative trait locus,including grain yield,oil content,β-glucan content,protein content,heading date,disease resistance gene,crown freezing tolerance,and other agronomic traits were identi?ed. An alternative approach,genome-wide association studies,which depends on historical linkage disequilibrium generated prior to any experimental work and broken down by many generations,were also applied for some important quantitative trait locus detection in Oat.(4)Application of marker assisted genomic selection method for some important quantitative traits in elite Oat.(5)Research advances on genetic engineering breeding of Oat. Meanwhile,the current problems and prospects of the application of mo

关 键 词：燕麦 分子育种 分子标记辅助育种 基因组选择 基因工程育种 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]