萝卜地方优良品种高制种潜力雄性不育系转育方法研究  

A Method for Transfer of Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterile into Radish Landraces with High Seed Production Potential

作　　者：张晓雪 刘阳 宋江萍[1] 邱杨[1] 王海平[1] 张晓辉[1] 李锡香[1] ZHANG Xiao-xue;LIU Yang;SONG Jiang-ping;QIU Yang;WANG Hai-ping;ZHANG Xiao-hui;LI Xi-xiang(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Research Station of Vegetable Crop Gene Resourceand Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制综合重点实验室/农业部蔬菜作物基因资源与种质创制北京科学观测实验站,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2019年第3期530-537,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100204-07);国家自然科学基金(31772301);中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)~~

摘　　要：不育系的制种潜力是决定制种产量的重要因素。在前期选育过程中对不育系制种潜力关注不够,往往导致所选育的品种制种产量低甚至无法制种,造成品种无法推广。我国拥有丰富的优良地方品种萝卜资源,但是存在着种质退化、栽培面积缩减、栽培区域小而分散的问题。培育杂交种是提升优良地方品种品质、维持栽培面积和扩大栽培地域的有效途径。本研究将Ogura胞质转育到26份优良地方品种萝卜资源,发现其中16份种质资源在Ogura胞质中的不育率达到或接近100%;建立了一种基于网纱隔离和壁蜂授粉的鉴定方法,用于分析这16份优良地方品种萝卜资源的保持系及其Ogura不育系的制种产量与潜力,发现练丝萝卜和五月红两份资源的不育系和保持系都具有较高的角果产量,有望转育成高制种潜力的不育系亲本,红灯笼、大青皮和心里美3份资源中都分离出具有较高种子产量的胞质雄性不育单株,但是其保持系种子产量很低,需要提高保持系的种子产量;小红袍水萝卜和扶沟萝卜的不育系和保持系的种子产量都处于中等水平,具有优化和应用的潜力;红水萝卜、青皮脆等5份资源不适合Ogura胞质不育系制种;狗头罐、绛县白、象牙白3份资源是自交不亲和材料。本研究发现,Ogura胞质的不同品种以及同一品种不同单株间制种产量差异巨大,说明从转育初代开始逐代监测和筛选制种潜力是非常必要的。本研究介绍一种简易高效鉴定及筛选萝卜胞质不育系制种潜力的方法,并用此方法初步筛选出一批高制种潜力的萝卜地方品种Ogura胞质雄性不育材料。The seed production potential of male sterile lines is the main factor affecting hybrid seed productivity. The lack of early selection method always leads to low hybrid seed yield and unsuitable for application. A collection of radish landraces with high quality have been developed in China over decades,but nowadays these germplasms showed characterization declining,cultivation area reducing and scattering.Hybrid breeding is an effective way to improve the agronomic quality,maintain the cultivation area and expand the planting region of the landraces. By hybridization using the Ogura cytoplasm with 26 radish landraces,16 introgression lines were absolute or near absolute male sterile. A osmia pollination and nylon mesh isolation method were used to test the seed production potential of the male sterile and maintainer lines of these 16 landraces. The two accessions,Lian-si and May-Red,showed high silique yield in both male sterile and maintainer plants,with the potential of developing high-seed-yielding male sterile lines. The Red-lanterns,Biggreen-skin and Beautiful-in-heart contain high silique yield plants in male sterile lines while all maintainer plants showed low yield. Improving the seed productivity of maintainer lines are needed for these three landraces. The Little-red-robe summer radish and Fu-gou radish produced medium quantity of siliques from both male sterile and maintainer plants,have application potential if substantial selection can improve the seed yield. The Red summer radish,Green crisp and three other landraces were proved not suitable to produce hybrid seeds use Ogura-CMS due to low yield. The Dog-Canister,Jiang-xian-white and Ivory were identi?ed as self incompatibility materials.This study revealed that the seed yield are differing signi?cantly among varieties and single plants,indicating a necessary of selecting the high-yielding plant descendants with generations. Thus,this worked reported a simple and efficient method for screening the seed production potential,which finally resulted in

关 键 词：萝卜 地方品种 遗传资源 不育系 授粉 结实率 

分 类 号：S631.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]