电镀硬铬工艺原理及铬层组织与性能浅析  

Principle of Hard Chrome Electroplating and Analysis on Structure and Performance of Chromium Layer

作　　者：张理 郭震 蒋晓明 刘晓光 曹立超 张浩 ZHANG Li;GUO Zhen;JIANG Xiao-ming;LIU Xiao-guang;CAO Li-chao;ZHANG Hao(Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510070, China;Guangdong Institute of Ocean Engineering Equipment & Technology, Zhuhai 519055 , China)

机构地区：[1]广东省智能制造研究所,广东广州510070 [2]广东省海洋工程装备技术研究所,广东珠海519055

出　　处：《材料保护》2019年第4期142-147,152,共7页Materials Protection

基　　金：广东省科学院发展能力建设专项(2017GDASCX-0115、2018GDASCX-0115);广东省科技计划项目(2014B040404063、2017A05056036)资助

摘　　要：梳理了传统电镀硬铬的工艺原理及铬层的组织和性能:传统电镀硬鎔采用电解池原理,在阴极区域,电极反应分3个阶段,分别进行单一或多个的H^+→H2,Cr2O7^2-→Cr^3+和HCrO4^-→Cr反应,在阳极区域,同时进行H2O→O2、Cr^3+^→Cr2O7^2-和Pb→PbO2反应;传统电镀硬铬层的微观组织形貌呈垂直并贯穿到金属表面的网状微裂纹状,并显著影响铬层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性等性能。In this paper, the technological principle of hard chromium electroplating, and the structure and properties of chromium layer were presented. The conventional electroplated hard chrome adopted the principle of electrolytic cell. In the cathode region, the electrode reaction was divided into three stages, and single or multiple reactions of H^+→H2,Cr2O7^2-→Cr^3+ and HCrO4^-→Cr were carried out, respectively. In the anode region, the reactions of H2O→O2、Cr^3+^→Cr2O7^2-and Pb→PbO2 were executed simultaneously. The microstructure of the conventionally plated hard chrome layer was composed of a network of micro-cracks that were perpendicular and penetrated to the surface of the layer, and which significantly affected the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the chrome layer.

关 键 词：电镀硬铬 工艺原理 微观组织 硬度 耐磨性 耐蚀性 

分 类 号：TQ153.1[化学工程—电化学工业]