西方三大道德分离权理论评析——民族分离、民主分离与正义分离  

Comments on Three Western Moral Separation Right Theories:National Separation, Democracy Separation and Justice Separation

作　　者：庄吟茜 ZHUANG Yin-xi(School of International Relations,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学政治系,北京102200

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第1期37-51,共15页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"公投型分离运动在全球范围内的兴起;挑战与应对研究"(18CZZ007)

摘　　要：与中国学者不同,相当一部分西方学者都支持或至少同情分离,并积极论证"分离权"的正当性。因此,西方分离理论主要围绕"分离权"这个核心概念展开,并由此延伸出三条研究路径,分别是国际法路径、道德权利路径和功利主义路径。其中,道德权利路径以自由民主主义为底色,将"分离权"视为自决权的天然成分,试图为"分离权"追溯某种高尚的应然源头,故而最为精致与危险。道德权利路径又派生出三大理论——民族分离、民主分离和正义分离,分别从民族自决、个人自由与人民主权、公平正义的角度为"分离权"作辩护。尽管这三大理论存在诸多漏洞,但却在现实中不断交织激荡,共同推高了全球性的公投分离浪潮,因此,中国的反分离事业只有在跨过三大分离理论的藩篱之后才能继续前进。Contrary to Chinese scholars,a considerable number of Western scholars support or at least sympathize with separation and actively demonstrate the legitimacy of“separation right.”The Western separation theories mainly focus on the core concept of“separation right”,and thus extend along three research paths:international law,moral right and utilitarianism.Among them,the path of moral right is based on liberal democracy and regards“separation right”as the natural component of self-determination right.It is the most delicate and dangerous path as it tries to trace“separation”to a noble source of origin.It has three derivative theories:ethnic separation,democratic separation,and justice separation.They defend“separation right”from the perspectives of national self-determination,individual freedom and people’s sovereignty as well as fairness and justice.Although there are many loopholes in these three theories,they rouse agitation in world affairs and jointly promote global wave of referendum separation.Therefore,China’s anti-separation can only advance by breaking through the barriers of the three separation theories.

关 键 词：分离理论 “分离权” 民族分离 民主分离 正义分离 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]