棉花对初蕾期物理伤害的调节补偿效应  

Adjustment and compensation of cotton to physical damage at early squaring stage

作　　者：卢合全[1] 祁杰 代建龙[1] 张艳军[1] 孔祥强[1] 李振怀[1] 李维江[1] 徐士振[1] 唐薇[1] 张冬梅[1] 罗振[1] 辛承松[1] 孙学振[2] 董合忠[1,2] LU He-Quan;QI Jie;DAI Jian-Long;ZHANG Yan-Jun;KONG Xiang-Qiang;LI Zhen-Huai;LI Wei-Jiang;XU Shi-Zhen;TANG Wei;ZHANG Dong-Mei;LUO Zhen;XIN Cheng-Song;SUN Xue-Zhen;DONG He-Zhong(Cotton Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东棉花研究中心/山东省棉花栽培生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2019年第6期904-911,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-15);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-03-01);泰山学者攀登计划项目(Tspd20150213);山东省农业科学院科技创新工程(CXGC2016B05,CXGC2018E06);山东省农业科学院青年英才培养计划项目资助~~

摘　　要：黄河流域棉区棉花在蕾期常遭遇冰雹所致的物理伤害,但棉花具有一定的调节补偿能力。明确棉花对不同程度物理伤害的补偿效应,对灾后棉田管理具有指导意义。以山东主栽棉花品种K836为材料,于2014 2015年棉花现蕾后第5天在山东省临清市设置去顶去叶(RTL)、去顶留1叶(RT+1LM)、去顶留叶(RT+ALM)、留顶去叶(TM+RL)、留顶留1叶(TM+1LM)以及未损伤的正常植株(CK)6个处理,研究不同程度损伤对棉花生长发育、叶面积动态、净光合速率、生物量、棉柴比、产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明,对于棉花单株干物质量,TM+1LM处理在15 DAT和30 DAT(物理伤害后天数)分别比CK降低59.0%和12.1%,但在45 DAT和60 DAT与CK无差异;其余伤害处理在15~60 DAT均不同程度降低。叶面积指数变化动态与干物质积累趋势一致。处理45 DAT内,RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL的净光合速率均低于对照,且高峰值出现时间推迟,TM+1LM的净光合速率变化趋势及高峰值出现时间与对照一致。TM+RL生物产量较CK降低18.2%,而RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+1LM的生物产量与CK相当;RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL的棉柴比分别比CK降低52.6%、47.3%、36.8%和23.7%,而TM+1LM的棉柴比与CK无明显差异。RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL单位面积铃数分别减少19.0%、7.2%、9.9%和15.6%,单铃重分别降低23.2%、8.9%、8.9%和19.6%,籽棉产量分别降低36.3%、17.5%、15.5%和31.9%,而TM+1LM的铃数和单铃重没有显著降低,籽棉产量与CK相当。据此,把蕾期物理损伤分为轻度损伤(TM+1LM)、中度损伤(RT+1LM、RT+ALM)和重度损伤(RTL、TM+RL),其减产幅度分别在5%以内、15%左右和30%以上。对于轻度和中度损伤棉田,宜加强水肥管理促进棉花补偿性生长,减少产量损失;对于重度损伤棉田,可以考虑改种其他短季作物。Hail-caused physical damage on cotton often occurs at squaring in Yellow River basin.Cotton is characterized as indeterminate growth habit as well as great compensatory ability.It is very important to determine the recovery potential after physical damage.A two-year(2014–2015)field experiment was carried out at Linqing of Shandong province with six treatments at five days after squaring,including removal of main-stem terminal and total leaves,RTL;removal of main-stem terminal but one leaf maintained,RT+1LM;removal of main-stem terminal but total leaves maintained,RT+ALM;main-stem terminal maintained but removal of total leaves,TM+RL;main-stem terminal and one leaf maintained,TM+1LM;and non-damaged,CK.A randomized blocks design was used for the study.Results showed that dry weight of single plant in RTL,RT+1LM,RT+ALM and TM+RL was significantly reduced at 15–60 days after treatment(DAT)as compared with that of CK.Dry weight of single plant in TM+1LM was reduced by 59.0%and 12.1%at 15 and 30 DAT,respectively,and slightly reduced at 45 and 60 DAT.LAI dynamics of six treatments were similar to those of biomass from 15 to 60 DAT.The leaf net photosynthetic rate of RTL,RT+1LM,RT+ALM and TM+RL was lower than that of control from 15 to 45 DAT,and the peak occurrence of Pn was delayed,while the Pn of TM+1LM and its peak period were similar to that of CK.Total biomass TM+RL was reduced by 18.2%in,but not changed in RTL,RT+1LM,RT+ALM,and TM+1LM compared with that of CK.Ratio of seedcotton to stalk of RTL,RT+1LM,RT+ALM,and TM+RL was decreased by 52.6%,47.3%,36.8%,and 23.7%compared with that of CK,but not significantly changes in TM+1LM.The number of bolls per unit land area in RTL,RT+1LM,RT+ALM,and TM+RL decreased by 19%,7.2%,9.9%,and 15.6%,boll weight decreased by 23.2%,8.9%,8.9%,and 19.6%,and thus seedcotton yield decreased by 36.3%,17.5%,15.5%,and 31.9%,respectively.However,TM+1LM did not significantly reduce the number of bolls and boll weight,and produced comparable yield to CK.The results of this study indicate tha

关 键 词：棉花 物理伤害 生长 产量 补偿 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]