塔里木河河槽形态调整特点及影响因素  

Characteristics and influencing factors of channel geometry adjustments of Tarim River

作　　者：袁寄望 宗全利[1] 冯博[1] YUAN Jiwang;ZONG Quanli;FENG Bo(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2019年第3期24-32,共9页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51569029);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZX201529);水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室开放课题(2015005)

摘　　要：为确定塔里木河干流河槽形态调整过程及特点,根据2005—2013年实测水沙数据及断面资料等,分析了塔里木河河槽形态演变特点及影响因素。结果表明:2005—2009年中上游河段河槽逐渐萎缩,平滩面积总体呈下降趋势;2010—2013年汛期水流冲刷强度增大,游荡型河段平滩河槽形态主要体现为横向调整,断面趋于宽浅,过渡段相对稳定,弯曲型河段汛期水流冲刷强度变化趋势与游荡型河段一致,期间平滩河宽变化较小,断面朝窄深方向发展;2009—2011年游荡型河段和过渡段纵比降减幅分别为1.7%和3.0%,河床比降趋于调平,弯曲型河段纵比降增幅为1.6%,河床略微冲刷;水流冲刷强度能够较好地响应河槽形态变化,可用于预测塔里木河平滩河槽形态冲淤情况。中上游河岸土体在近岸水流作用下容易分解,稳定性差,在一定程度上加快了河床调整过程。In order to determine the process and characteristics of channel geometry adjustments of the Tarim River, the morphological evolution features and influencing factors were analyzed based on the measured flow and sediment data as well as the mainstream cross-sectional profiles from 2005 to 2013. The results show that the channel geometry in the middle and upper reaches shrank gradually from 2005 to 2009, with a decreasing trend of the bankfull area. The fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons was enhanced from 2010 to 2013, resulting in a lateral adjustment for the bankfull channel geometry in the braided reach characterized with wider and shallower cross-sections. The adjustment of the transition reach was relatively stable. Variation trend of the fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons in the meandering reach was similar to that in the braided reach, and the cross-sections developed to be narrower and deeper with slight bankfull width variation. From 2009 to 2011, the longitudinal channel slope in the braided reach and the transition reach decreased by 1.7% and 3.0%, respectively, resulting in a flat river bed slope. However, it increased by 1.6% in the meandering reach with little fluvial erosion. Fluvial erosion intensity can better respond to the channel geometry variation, which can be used to predict erosion and deposition of the bankfull channel. In addition, the stability of the river bank soil is poor and the river bank can be easily decomposed by the action of the near shore water flow, which accelerates the adjustment process to some extent.

关 键 词：河槽形态 河床调整 水沙条件 河岸土体组成 塔里木河 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]