养殖户畜禽废弃物资源化处理方式及影响因素研究  

Resource utilization method and influencing factors of farmers' behaviors towards livestock and poultry waste

作　　者：王建华 陶君颖 陈璐[2] WANG Jian-hua;TAO Jun-ying;CHEN Lu(School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China;School of Humanities and Law,Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin Heilongjiang 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学商学院,江苏无锡214122 [2]东北农业大学文法学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2019年第5期127-137,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"农业生产者安全生产政策的实验评估及其组合设计:以病死猪无害化处理为例"(批准号:71673115);国家自然科学基金项目"病死猪流入市场的生猪养殖户行为实验及政策研究"(批准号:71540008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(批准号:JUSRP1808ZD)

摘　　要：畜禽养殖环境污染问题,始终是畜牧业持续稳定健康发展面临的首要问题。为了解养殖户畜禽废弃物的处理现状与行为特点,分析影响养殖户废弃物处理方式选择的主要原因,本文基于对山东省6市30县(区)养殖户的实地调研数据,运用UTAUT理论分析框架与无序多分类Logit模型,对养殖户畜禽废弃物的处理方式及影响因素进行了系统研究。结果表明:①经济绩效期望、主观规范、养殖劳动人口、养殖数量对养殖户选择直接还田、堆肥发酵、沼气发酵以及鲜装出售4种方式处理畜禽废弃物均有显著影响。②家庭年收入正向影响养殖户选择直接还田的方式处理畜禽废弃物。③养殖户通过堆肥发酵方式处理畜禽废弃物受其知识储备、社会因素、养殖规模的正向影响以及性别与婚姻状况的负向影响。④利用沼气发酵方式处理畜禽废弃物受到养殖户年龄的负向影响以及养殖收入比例与环境便利性的正向影响。⑤对直接还田、堆肥发酵、沼气发酵、鲜装出售方式处理畜禽废弃物影响最大的因素依次为主观规范、养殖规模、经济绩效期望与养殖劳动人口。据此,为促进养殖户畜禽废弃物的资源化处理,推动养殖产业的健康稳定发展,本研究提出以下政策建议:①强化畜禽废弃物资源化处理的宣传推广,提升养殖户相关理解与认知水平。②制定合理的畜禽废弃物资源化处理补贴政策,增加政策的针对性与有效激励性。③加强畜禽废弃物资源化处理的技术研究与积极推广,提高讲座或培训内容的实用性。④完善畜禽粪污治理的有关政策与法律法规,增强法律法规的权威性与政策的可操作性。Environmental pollution of raising livestock and poultry has always been the primary problem that the governments have to face to study the sustainable and stable development of animal husbandry. In order to understand the current status and characteristics of livestock and poultry farmers ’treatment behaviors towards livestock and poultry waste,and analyze the main reasons for their selection method of waste treatment,based on the field research data of livestock and poultry farmers in 30 counties( districts) of 6 cities in Shandong Province,this paper systematically studies the disposal methods and influencing factors of livestock and poultry farmers’ behaviors towards livestock and poultry waste by using UTAUT theoretical analysis framework and disordered multi-class Logit model. The results show that:①The variables of economic performance expectation,subjective norm,farming population and number of poultry or livestock have significant effects on livestock and poultry farmers’ waste recycling methods including farmers’ choice of direct returning to fields,composting fermentation,biogas fermentation,and fresh-packed sale.②Annual household income has positive effects on the farmers’ disposal method of ‘direct return’.③ Livestock and poultry farmers’ disposal method of compost fermentation is positively affected by their knowledge reserves,social factors and farming scale,and negatively affected by their gender and marital status.④Livestock and poultry farmers’ disposal method of‘biogas fermentation’is negatively affected by their age,and positively affected by their farming income ratio and environmental convenience.⑤The most important factors affecting livestock and poultry farmers’ disposal methods of direct return,compost fermentation,biogas fermentation,fresh-packed sale,in sequence are subjective norms,farming scale,economic performance expectation and farming population. Therefore,in order to promote livestock and poultry farmers ’ resource utilization behaviors of live

关 键 词：畜禽养殖户 养殖废弃物 资源化处理 无序多分类Logit模型 UTAUT模型 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]