人工智能法律主体资格的法理学分析  

Legal Analysis of the Capacity as a Subject of Law of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：王重尧 Wang Chongyao(Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2019年第3期63-72,共10页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：弱人工智能的思考能力在某些方面已经可以与人相媲美,强人工智能也可能在不久的将来出现。若将有智力的人工智能视为工具,可能会贬损理性的重要性;若赋予弱人工智能法律人格,有可能使其控制者逃避相关责任,获取不当利益。现行法体系依然坚持人—物二分法,没有理由将人工智能视为介于人与物之间的特殊主体。理性之外的特征则并非人的本质属性,无法帮助法官判断是否应当赋予人工智能法律人格。根据对现行法律人格制度的建构性诠释,应当认为理性(包括认知能力、意思能力、道德能力)是人工智能获得人格的充要条件。可以借助通过一种改进后的图灵测试,在司法实践中具体适用这一标准。如果将"强人工智能"解释为拥有人的理性的人工智能,则强人工智能应当被视为自然人,而弱人工智能依然是物。The thinking ability of weak AI is comparable to that of human beings in some aspects.Strong AI may also emerge in the near future.If the AI of intelligence is regarded as a tool,the importance of reason may be undermined.But if weak AI acquires legal personality,it may make its controllers evade relevant responsibilities or obtain improper benefits.The current legal system still adheres to the dichotomy between person and thing.There is no reason to regard AI as a special subject between person and thing.Characters other than rationality are not essential attributes of human beings.These characteristics cannot help us to judge whether AI should be endowed with legal personality.According to the constructive interpretation of the current legal personality system,it should be considered that rationality (including cognitive ability,will ability,moral ability) is the sufficient and necessary condition for AI to acquire personality.This standard can be applied in judicial practice by means of an improved Turing test.If “Strong AI” is interpreted as rational artificial intelligence,then Strong AI should be regarded as a natural person,while weak AI is still a thing.

关 键 词：人工智能与法 法律人格 伦理人格主义 理性 建构性诠释 

分 类 号：D903[政治法律—法学理论]