贸易开放对收入不平等的影响——基于机会不平等的视角  

The Impact of Trade Openness on Income Inequality——Based on the Perspective of Opportunity Inequality

作　　者：雷欣[1] 范涛 LEI Xin;FAN Tao(School of Economics and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《湖北经济学院学报》2019年第3期16-26,127,共12页Journal of Hubei University of Economics

摘　　要：本文检验贸易开放对收入不平等的影响,将贸易开放区分为进口开放度和出口开放度,将收入不平等区分为由环境差异导致的机会不平等和由努力差异导致的努力不平等。利用2003—2015年的CGSS数据测算了机会不平等与努力不平等的基尼系数,并构建了回归模型。结果显示,贸易开放对总体收入不平等影响具有正向影响,但效应不显著;出口依存度对总体不平等有显著的正向影响;进口依存度对总体不平等具有不显著的负向影响。贸易开放度对公平收入不平等和机会不平等都具有正向影响,但只对努力不平等显著。出口依存度和进口依存度对公平收入不平等的效应都不显著;出口依存度对机会不平等具有正向影响且显著;进口依存度对机会不平等具有不显著的负向影响。因此,为了降低收入不平等,一方面应当努力优化出口贸易结构,降低出口贸易对不平等的增加效应,另一方面应当扶植进口贸易,增强进口贸易对收入不平等的抑制作用。This paper examines the impact of trade openness on income inequality. We divide trade openness into import open. ness and export openness, and divide income inequality into opportunity inequality caused by environmental differences and effort in. equality resulting from differences in efforts. We measure the Gini coefficient of opportunity inequality and effort inequality, by using the CGSS data from 2003 to 2015. Finally, we construct the regression model to examine the effects of the trade openness on these two kinds of inequality. The opening of trade has a positive impact on the income inequality, but the effect is not significant;export depen. dence has a significant positive effect on inequality;import dependence has a negative effect on inequality, but the effect is not signifi. cant. The trade openness has a positive effect on both fair income inequality and opportunity inequality, but it is only significant for ef. forts inequality. The effects of export dependence and import dependence on the fair income inequality are not significant;the export dependence has a positive impact on opportunity inequality and is significant;the import dependence has an insignificant negative im. pact on opportunity inequality. We believes that, in order to reducing income inequality, on the one hand, we should work hard to opti. mize the structure of export trade and reduce its effect on inequality;on the other hand, we should foster import trade and increase the suppression of income inequality by import trade effect.

关 键 词：努力不平等 机会不平等 贸易开放 出口依存度 进口依存度 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济] F752