从跟“有”字存在句的替换限制看“是”字存在句的语义特点  

The Semantic Features of the Existential Sentences with “Shi” from the Perspective of Replacement Restriction with the Sentences with “You”

作　　者：崔璨[1,4] 袁毓林 Cui Can;Yuan Yulin(Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Peking University, Beijing 100871;Center for Chinese Linguistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871;Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871;People’s Daily, Beijing 100733)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871 [2]北京大学中国语言学研究中心,北京100871 [3]北京大学计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [4]人民日报社,北京100733

出　　处：《语言科学》2019年第2期147-159,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目;国家973计划课题(2014CB340502)的资助

摘　　要：文章从“是”字存在句跟“有”字存在句替换限制的角度,探讨“是”字存在句的语义特点。文章指出,当“是”字存在句仅由句式表示“足量”意义时,句子可以替换为“有”字存在句,替换以后足量特征消失。当“是”字存在句由句法成分强调足量意义、或由百科知识强制足量意义实现时,句子不能替换为“有”字存在句,因为这种“是”字存在句的强制性足量意义跟“有”字存在句的存在意义冲突。此外,具有主观凸显性特征的“是”字存在句可以替换为“有”字存在句,替换后原有的主观凸显性消失。至于“是”字存在句的“主观凸显性”,可以由等同关系和概念转喻来解释。This paper focuses on the semantic features of the existential sentences with “shi”(是) from the perspective of replacement restriction with the sentences with “you”(有). When only the meaning of “sufficiency” is shown by the construction with “shi”,“shi” can be replaced by “you”, and the meaning of “sufficiency” disappears. When the meaning of “sufficiency” is provided by syntactic components or encyclopedic knowledge in the sentence with “shi”,“shi” cannot be substituted by “you”. When the sentence with “shi” expresses subjective prominence,“you” can displace “shi” and the subjective prominence disappears. Equivalence relationship and conceptual metonymy explains why the sentences with “shi” have the meaning of subjective prominence.

关 键 词：“是”字存在句 “有”字存在句足量 主观凸显 概念转喻 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]