从语气词、叹词看上古汉语声调构拟  

Review of Reconstruction of Classical Chinese Tonal System from the Perspectives of Modal Particles and Interjections

作　　者：倪博洋[1] Ni Boyang(School of Literature, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院

出　　处：《语言科学》2019年第2期201-211,共11页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：上古汉语的一些特殊词类在构词上具有声音理据,如联绵词、拟声词、语气词、叹词等,这些材料能作为上古声调“音段起源说”的内证。先秦文献中,语气词、叹词的声调在四声分布上不均匀,平声数量最多。参考民族语与现代方言,可以看出这种四声失衡的情况之所以产生,是因为平声在音节形式上是不带标记的CV结构,上、去二声则可能是带有韵尾的CVC结构。汉语平、上、去三调在上古的决定性区别是音段而非音高。The word-formation of some special parts of speech can be explained by sound, such as disyllabic roots, onomatopoeic words, modal particles and interjections. These data can be used as the internal evidence for the theory of origination of Classical Chinese tones from segments. The tonal distribution of yuqici “modal particles” and tanci “interjections” are not homogeneous. Most of these words are of pingsheng (平声)“level tone”. Based on the studies of ethnic minority languages and Chinese dialects, we find that the tonal imbalance is caused by the syllable structure. The syllabic structure of the ping tone is CV, which is unmarked, while those of the shang, qu tones are CVC. The difference among the tones ping, shang and qu is dependent on the segments rather than pitch.

关 键 词：上古汉语 声调 语气词 叹词 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语]