青海省木里江仓煤矿区高寒湿地腐殖质层的形成过程  

Forming Processes of Humus Layers of Alpine Wetland in Open-pit Coal Mine Spoil Heaps of Muli-Jiangcang in Qinghai Pronvince

作　　者：安福元 高志香[4,2] 李希来 王懿萱[3] An Fuyuan;Gao Zhixiang;Li Xilai;Wang Yixuan(School of Geographical Science,Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processesof Qinghai Province,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Eclogy and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes,Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [4]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2019年第2期1-9,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海省科技支撑计划项目"高寒矿区植被恢复技术集成与示范"(2015-SF-117);青海省自然科学基金项目(2016-ZJ-926Q);国家自然科学基金项目(41867073);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(D18013)项目

摘　　要：[目的]对青海省木里江仓煤矿区高寒湿地腐殖质层形成过程进行分析,为当地矿区与渣山的植被恢复提供科学依据。[方法]应用沉积学、光释光(OSL)年代学以及土壤营养学对江仓和木里地区高寒湿地表层土壤剖面进行了较为全面的研究。[结果]①江仓剖面由冲积扇砾石层、黄土层、泥炭层和腐殖质层组成,腐殖质层形成年代为1.7±0.1 ka,木里高寒湿地剖面由基岩风化层和腐殖质层组成,腐殖质层形成年代为2.0±0.2 ka。②江仓和木里两剖面的腐殖质层中有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷等含量较高。[结论]该地区高寒湿地腐殖质层的形成时间至少是2 000 a,形成过程十分缓慢,草原植被生长依赖于含量较高的土壤有机质。后续的渣山植被恢复工作需要因地制宜,通过提高土壤厚度、肥力等方法来缩短土壤形成的时间。[Objective]The formation age,process and soil nutrients of wetland in Muli-Jiangcang coal mine area in Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were studied in order to provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration of open-pit coal mine spoil heaps.[Methods]The strata analysis,optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating method and soil nutriology were applied to study the forming progresses of humus layers in alpine wetlands.[Results]①The Jiangcang coal mine area was composed of alluvial gravels,loess,peat sediment,and humus layers,which had an OSL age of 1.7±0.1 ka.The Muli coal mine area was composed of weathered crust and humus layers which had the ages of 2.0±0.2 ka.②There were high contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the humus layers.[Conclusion]The forming age of the humus layers of the wetlands underwent two thousand years at least,indicating a long evolution history.The plants of the wetlands depended on the abundant nutrients of humus layers.It is suggested to adjust measures to local conditions,and increase soil thickness and soil fertility as soon in order to recover the vegetation on coal mine spoil heaps.

关 键 词：高寒湿地 光释光年代 土壤营养学 矿山 植被恢复 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]