小麦秸秆基高分子缓释肥在番茄中的应用效果  

The application effect of wheat straw-based polymer slow release fertilizer in tomato

作　　者：赵海东 宋江 向阳[1] 赵贵哲[1] 刘亚青[1] ZHAO Hai-dong;SONG Jiang;XIANG Yang;ZHAO Gui-zhe;LIU Ya-qing(College of Material Science and Engineering,North University of China/Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学材料科学与工程学院/山西省高分子复合材料工程技术中心,太原030051

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2019年第9期52-57,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为了探究保水型高分子缓释肥在农业生产上的实际应用效果,以不保水的含营养元素氮、磷、钾的高分子缓释肥(PSRF)和PSRF与吸水树脂SAP_(WS)物理混合(PSRF+SAPWS)处理为对照,通过盆栽试验研究了含小麦秸秆具有半互穿网状结构的保水功能的高分子缓释肥(SI-PSRF/SAP_(WS))对土壤氮养分含量和酶活性、番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)植株生理特性和果实品质的影响。结果表明,SI-PSRF/SAP_(WS)处理后的土壤中NO_3^--N、NH_~4+-N含量分别比PSRF增加了45.16%～75.46%、52.85%～81.80%;SI-PSRF/SAPWS处理的土壤脲酶活性要明显高于PSRF和PSRF+SAPWS处理,但是3种施肥处理对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响没有明显差异;3种施肥处理的番茄实际产量分别是空白处理的2.5、2.8和3.5倍,且SIPSRF/SAP_(WS)处理的实际番茄产量分别是PSRF和PSRF+SAP_(WS)的1.4和1.2倍;SI-PSRF/SAPWS处理的番茄红素相比PSRF降低了15.26%。由此可知,含小麦秸秆具有半互穿网状结构的保水型高分子缓释肥可以明显提高土壤氮含量、土壤酶活性、番茄产量以及品质,可广泛应用在农业实际生产中。In order to explore the practical application effect of water-retaining polymer slow release fertilizer in agriculture, taking the non-water-retaining polymer slow release fertilizer containing nutrient element NPK(PSRF) and PSRF and water absorbing resin SAPWS physical mixing (PSRF+SAPWS) as control, the effects of polymer-release slow-release fertilizer with semi-interpenetrating network structure (SI-PSRF/SAPWS) on soil nitrogen nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, tomato plant physiological characteristics and tomato quality were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that, compared with PSRF, the contents of NO3--N and NH4+-N in the soil treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS were increased by 45.16% to 75.46%, 52.85% to 81.80%, respectively. Soil urease activity treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS was significantly higher than PSRF and PSRF+SAPWS treatment, but there was no significant difference in the effects of three fertilizations on soil catalase activity. Compared with no fertilization control, the actual yield of tomato applied fertilization was 2.5 times, 2.8 times and 3.5 times, respectively, and the actual tomato yield of SI-PSRF/SAPWS treatment was 1.4 times and 1.2 times that of PSRF and PSRF+SAPWS, respectively. Lycopene of tomato treated by SI-PSRF/SAPWS was 15.26% lower than PSRF. In conclusion, SI-PSRF/SAPWS can significantly improve soil nitrogen nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, tomato yield and quality, and can be widely used in agricultural actual production.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆 高分子缓释肥 土壤养分 番茄(Lycopersicon ESCULENTUM Miller) 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]