国内外海岛固体废弃物处置方式研究  

The Solid Waste Disposal Methods of Island at Home and Abroad

作　　者：董瑞程 丁志斌 郭浩男 李鑫 陈晓 DONG Ruicheng;DING Zhibin;GUO Haonan;LI Xin;CHEN Xiao(Defense Engineering College,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学国防工程学院,南京210007

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2019年第5期57-62,共6页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题"南海典型海岛主要废弃物资源化利用技术(2017YFC0506304)"

摘　　要：文章概述了国内外海岛固体废弃物的产生特点和处置方式;针对海岛面临的问题,重点讨论了海岛固体废弃物处置的建议以及对我国海岛发展的启示。研究结果表明:海岛固体废弃物人均产量一般高于大陆地区,但由于地理位置和气候条件的特殊性,为解决海岛土地资源不足、运输成本高、总量逐渐增多、技术不足等问题,建议海岛固废源头减量、优化处理工艺。同时,总结出3种海岛固废处置方式,一是将固废打包运输至大陆处理,适合于距离大陆较近、人口数量少的小海岛;二是清洁堆肥和无害化焚烧处理技术,适用于种植业和旅游业发展兼重的海岛;三是在分类收集的基础上,固废中废品回收再利用,有机组分通过生物降解制备燃料,最大化利用固废的资源特性,弥补海岛能源匮乏不足,是海岛固废最为理想的处置方式。The characteristics and disposal methods of the solid waste of the islands at home and abroad were summarized in this paper,and several proposals for island solid waste management and China′s island development were mainly discussed in view of the problems.The results showed that the output per capita of island solid waste was generally higher than that in mainland area.In order to solve the problems of insufficient land resources,high transportation cost,gradual increase of total amount and insufficient technology,it was suggested to reduce the amount of island solid waste at source and optimize the treatment process due to the particularity of geographical location and climatic conditions.At the same time,three disposal methods of island solid waste were summarized.The one was to pack and transport the solid waste to the mainland for treatment,which was suitable for small islands that were close to the mainland or had a small population.The second was including clean composting and innocuous incineration technologies,and it was suitable for island developing both planting and tourism.The third contained recycling and making biofuel through biodegradation on the basis of sorting collection,which was the optimal disposal as the result of the full use of waste resource characteristics and making up for the shortage of island energy.

关 键 词：海岛 固体废弃物 组成 减量化 处理技术 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P76[天文地球—海洋科学]