珠江河口澳门机场周边水域洪枯季潮流动力环境分析  

Dynamic Characteristics of Tidal Current in the Surrounding Waters of Macao Airport in Pearl River Estuary

作　　者：方神光 FANG Shen-guang(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Guangzhou 510611,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广州510611

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2019年第5期56-60,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779280)

摘　　要：基于对澳门机场周边水域往年同步实测水文资料的分析,对该水域涨落潮流速流态、余流和涨落潮历时等因子的变化规律进行了探讨。研究显示,该水域洪季涨潮流向以N～NNE向为主,枯季则呈现整体向西偏转,以NNW～WNW向为主;落潮流则以S～SW向为主,洪枯季和表底层变化不大;从余流分布来看,余流流向与落潮主流向基本一致,机场南侧水域余流大于北侧,洪枯季表层余流相差不大,但洪季底层余流显著大于枯季;从涨落潮历时之比来看,该水域整体涨落潮历时之比小于1、表层涨落潮历时之比小于底层以及机场南侧水域涨落潮历时之比小于北侧,显示水域整体涨潮历时小于落潮历时、北侧水域涨潮历时大于南侧水域以及表层涨潮历时小于底层的规律,该规律结合澳门机场周边水域平均落潮流速大于涨潮流速的实际情况形成了水沙向口门外的净输运,与该水域余流的分布形态和流向一致。Based on an analysis of the field hydrologic data measured synchronously in the waters surrounding Macao Airport in the past years, discussions on tidal current vectors, residuals and durations of ebb and flood have been made. It shows that the rising current in the sea area during the flood reason would move forward mainly in the direction of N-NNE, while it would turned a little westward in the direction of NNW^WNW direction during the dry season. Tidal current would ebb mainly in the direction of S^SW and vary little between surface and bottom during flood and dry season. The direction difference of rising current respectively during flood and dry season is closely related to the resistance of the islands located southeast at the Pearl River estuary to the surface fresh water and the movement of the high salinity water bodies. The flowing direction of the residual current is basically consistent with the main trend of the ebb tide, while the residual current in the south side of the airport is greater than the north side. There is little difference of residual current at surface during the flood and dry seasons, but those at the bottom during the flood season is significantly larger than that in the dry season. The ratio of flood and ebb durations in the sea area is less than 1.0, which at the water surface is less than that at the bottom and at the south side of the airport less than at the north. It shows that the flood duration in the sea is less than the ebb totally with longer flood duration in the north side of the airport than in the south and the bottom than the surface. This law is consistent with the net transport of water and sediment outside the estuary mouth formed by the average ebb velocities in the water area surrounding the Macao Airport larger than average rising ones, which is also consistent with the distribution pattern and variation characteristics of the residual current.

关 键 词：澳门水域 洪枯季 潮流 涨落潮历时 余流 

分 类 号：TV92[水利工程—水利水电工程]