海拔高度对柴油机活塞温度及热负荷的影响  

Influences of Altitude on Piston Temperature and Thermal Load of a Diesel Engine

作　　者：黄润伍 黄荣华[1] 代辉[1] 杨震寰 王龙飞 徐岩[3] Huang Runwu;Huang Ronghua;Dai Hui;Yang Zhenhuan;Wang Longfei;Xu Yan(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;China North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400,China;China Weapon Science Academe,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国北方发动机研究所,天津300400 [3]中国兵器科学研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2019年第3期280-287,共8页Transactions of Csice

基　　金：国防重大基础研究资助项目

摘　　要：利用研制的存储式活塞稳态温度测量装置对变海拔高度下的活塞多个测点稳态温度进行了测量,以试验测量结果作为标定依据,计算不同海拔高度下的活塞温度场和热机耦合应力,研究活塞热负荷随海拔高度的变化规律.结果表明:在工况一定时,活塞测点温度随海拔高度增加而升高,在海拔高度为3.0km处,关键测点的最高温度达292℃,比在平原海拔高度高了30℃以上;活塞第一环槽温度也由平原的225℃升高到高海拔处的261℃,已经出现润滑油结焦的情况.活塞应力值和变形受海拔高度影响较大,在高海拔时活塞热应力和热变形明显增大.研究结果可为高原工作的活塞设计、改进和热负荷的控制提供参考.To study the effect of altitude(from 0 to 4.5 km)on piston thermal load,a piston temperature test at various altitude levels was conducted using piston steady temperature storage test system on a diesel test bench. The piston temperature field and stress field were also simulated under the calibration with the temperature measurement results. The research results show that the piston temperature increases as the altitude increases at the same operating condition. At the altitude of 3.0 km,the highest temperature at some measurement points in the piston reaches 292℃,30 ℃ higher than that at plain area. The highest temperature in the first ring groove increases from 225℃ at plain area to 261℃ as the altitude increases to 3.0 km. This leads to lubrication oil failure and an occurrence of coke phenomenon. The thermal stress and the thermal deformation of the piston are significantly influenced by the increase of the altitude. They are obviously increased as the altitude rises. The research conclusions provide an important reference for the piston design and thermal load control at high altitude.

关 键 词：柴油机 海拔高度 活塞 热负荷 存储式活塞温度测量系统 

分 类 号：TK432[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]