长期定点连作及单序轮作处理对旱地谷子的光合特性、根系构型和产量的影响  

Long-term Continuous and Rotation Cropping: Effect on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Roots Configuration and Yield of Dry-land Millet

作　　者：卢成达[1] 郭志利[1] 李阳[1] 孙迪[1] 张丽娜[1] 裴成成[1] Lu Chengda;Guo Zhili;Li Yang;Sun Di;Zhang Lina;Pei Chengcheng(Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《农学学报》2019年第5期10-14,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山西省农业科学院技术攻关课题"旱地春谷长期定点连作障碍研究"(YGG17121);山西省重点研发计划课题"旱作农田轮作休耕与土壤生态及绿色生产效应研究"(201703D211002-4);山西省重点研发计划项目"旱作谷田轮作休耕模式评价及长期定点连作障碍研究"(201803D221012-5);山西省农业科学院农业科技成果转化与示范推广项目"旱地优质谷子新品种示范推广"(2018CGZH-33-1);山西省农业科学院农业科技成果转化与示范推广项目"旱地优质谷子新品种示范推广"(2018CGZH-33-1);山西省农业科学院博士基金项目"山西省主要谷子种质特性分析与相关研究发展态势研究"(YBSJJ1602)

摘　　要：旨在为克服谷子连作障碍和实现旱农区农田可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支持,采用周年单序轮作处理和长期定点连作对照相比较的研究方法,开展长期定点连作及单序轮作处理对旱地谷子的光合特性、根系构型和产量的影响研究。研究结果表明,轮作种植模式中谷子产量、叶片的叶绿素含量及净光合速率较长期定点连作分别增加了22.02%、20.58%、15.34%,均显著高于长期定点连作种植模式。相比于连作处理,轮作种植使谷子根系在不同直径范围内生长发育状况更好,根系的比根长、比表面积、根体积与根尖密度均较长期定点连作处理显著升高(0.5 mm≤直径≤1.0 mm:各指标分别增加了92.17%、62.94%、72.73%、75.08%,直径≥1.0 mm:各指标分别增加了44.09%、86.32%、86.37%、181.71%)。综上,本研究发现,轮作会改善谷子叶片的光合指标参数及根系发育指标参数,减轻连作障碍,提高产量。This study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles of millet and achieving sustainable production of farmland in dryland areas. Comparing annual single-order rotations cropping with long-term continuous cropping, the effects on the photosynthetic characteristics, root configuration and yield of dry-land millet are studied. The results show that the rotation cropping increases the yield, leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate by 22.02%15.34%continuous cropping, the rotation cropping significantly improves the growth of root with different diameter ranges, it obviously increases the specific root length(SRL), specific root surface area(SRA), root volume and root tip density in different diameter ranges(0.5 ≤mmdiameter≤1.0 mm: every index increases by 92.17%,62.94%, 72.73%, 75.08%, respectively, diameter≥1.0 mm: every index increases by 44.09%, 86.32%,86.37%, 181.71%). It is concluded that the rotation cropping could enhance the photosynthetic index parameters and root index parameters, alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping and thus increase the millet yield.

关 键 词：轮作 谷子 叶绿素含量 根系 连作障碍 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]