低强度间歇超声处理对水稻秸秆厌氧发酵的影响  

Effect of low intensity intermittent ultrasound treatment on anaerobic fermentation of straw

作　　者：向天勇[1] 袁小利 程辉彩[3] 张无敌[4] 董仁杰[5] 单胜道 张昌爱 XIANG Tianyong;YUAN Xiaoli;CHENG Huicai;ZHANG Wudi;DONG Renjie;SHAN Shengdao;ZHANG Changai(School of Agriculture and Environment,Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College,Jiaxing 314036,Zhejiang,China;School of Environmental and Natural Resources,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Institute of Biology,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050081,Hebei,China;School of Energy and Environmental Sciences,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴职业技术学院农业与环境学院,浙江嘉兴314036 [2]浙江科技学院环境与资源学院,杭州310023 [3]河北省科学院生物研究所,石家庄050081 [4]云南师范大学能源与环境科学学院,昆明650500 [5]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《浙江科技学院学报》2019年第3期192-197,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1609214);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2017C03010)

摘　　要：为了探索超声处理对水稻秸秆厌氧发酵的影响机理,通过研究超声处理强度和单次超声处理时间对厌氧微生物生长发育、可溶物溶出度的影响规律,初步确定了超声波声强、单次超声处理时间的有效范围。利用正交试验分析了超声处理强度、作用时间和时间间隔对秸秆厌氧发酵产气量及沼气中CH_4含量的影响规律。结果表明:在1.2 W/cm^2的声强以下,增加超声波声强可促进厌氧微生物的生长发育;0.8 W/cm^2声强处理15 min以内对提高生物量的效果较好,但长时间的超声处理会抑制细菌的生长;0.8 W/cm^2、30 min的超声处理,秸秆的溶出率可提高13.5%;超声处理强度1.0 W/cm^2、单次超声处理时间15 min、超声处理时间间隔50 min的超声处理使产气高峰提前4～5 d,同时总产气量可提高24.48%,CH_4产量提高25.92%。超声处理可促进厌氧菌的生长、加速秸秆养分的溶出以及改善发酵液的传质作用,从而提高产气效率。研究结果能为超声波在沼气厌氧发酵中的应用提供参考。In order to explore the influencing mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on anaerobic fermentation of straw, the study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity and single ultrasound treatment time on the growth of anaerobic microorganisms and dissolution of soluble substances, initially determining the valid range of ultrasound intensity and single ultrasound treatment time. Orthogonal experiment was employed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity, action time and time interval on biogas yield and CH 4 content in biogas obtained from anaerobic fermentation of straw. It is found that the growth of anaerobic microorganisms could be promoted by increasing the sound intensity of ultrasound under 1.2 W/cm^2 . The growth of bacteria could be promoted by ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm^2 for 15 minutes whereas it could be inhibited at a long-term ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm^2 for 30 min. could increase the straw dissolution rate by 13.5%. Ultrasound treatment at 1.0 W/cm^2 for 15 minutes each time at the interval of 50 minutes could bring forward the gas production peak by 4-5 days. Meanwhile, it could also boost the total gas yield and CH 4 production by 24.48% and 25.92%, respectively. Overall, ultrasound treatment can improve the gas production efficiency by promoting the growth of anaerobic bacteria, accelerating the nutrient dissolution from straw and improving the mass transfer of fermentation broth. The results can provide reference for application of ultrasound to anaerobic fermentation of biogas.

关 键 词：水稻秸秆 超声波 厌氧发酵 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]