维管束分布及结构对竹材宏观压缩性能的影响  

Effects of the distribution and structure of vascular bundles on the compressive properties of bamboo

作　　者：袁晶 张雪霞 余雁 陈冠军 王汉坤 YUAN Jing;ZHANG Xuexia;YU Yan;CHEN Guanjun;WANG Hankun(International center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China;State Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing Construction Key Laboratory, Beijing 100102, China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心竹藤生物质新材料研究所,北京100102 [2]国家林业与草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2019年第6期121-127,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD04B03);国家自然科学基金(31770600)

摘　　要：深入研究竹材宏观压缩性能的影响因素。以散生竹毛竹,丛生竹慈竹、花竹、绿竹为研究对象,分别测试基本密度、维管束分布密度、纤维鞘组织比量、纤维形态及比例等关键特征数据,建立特征数据与竹材宏观压缩性能的关系并分析其对宏观压缩性能的影响。结果表明:1)散生竹毛竹,丛生竹慈竹、花竹、绿竹四种竹材维管束的分布密度、形态及组成差异较大,毛竹维管束的尺寸明显小于丛生竹,丛生竹均含游离纤维股且多为薄壁纤维;2)4种竹材宏观压缩应力—应变曲线相近,但力学性能存在明显差异;3)基本密度、维管束分布密度、厚壁纤维组织比量与竹材顺纹压缩性能正相关,且基本密度的相关性最高。基本密度是评价竹材顺纹抗压强度和压缩模量最可靠的物理因素。不同竹种维管束的分布密度主要影响竹材抗压强度,对压缩模量影响较小。维管束内厚壁纤维的组织比量也是影响竹材抗压强度和压缩模量的重要结构因素,厚壁纤维组织比量越大,压缩性能越好。The objective of this study was to investigate the factors determining bamboo compressive properties. Four bamboo species, including one scattered bamboo species (Phyllostachys pubescens) and three clustered bamboo species (Neosinocalamus affins;Bambusa albo-lineata;Dendrocalamopsis oldhami), were chosen in this study. Basic density, vascular bundle distribution density, fiber sheath fraction, fiber morphology and proportion were measured, and their relationships with compressive properties were investigated. The results show that: 1) the distribution density, morphology and composition of vascular bundles varied in different bamboo species, and the vascular bundles of scattered bamboo were much smaller than those of the other three bamboo species. The clustered bamboo species contained free fiber strands, and they were sclerenchyma fibers;2) the compressive stress-strain curves of the four bamboo species were similar, but their compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were significantly different;3) the basic density, vascular bundle distribution density, and the sclerenchyma fibers fraction all had positive relationships with the compressive properties, while the basic density had the most remarkable relationship. The basic density is the most reliable physical factor for evaluating the compressive strength and modulus of bamboo, while the distribution density of vascular bundles mainly affects the compressive strength of bamboo. Compared with the vascular bundle distribution, the tissue ratio of the sclerenchyma fibers in the vascular bundle is an important factor affecting the compressive properties of the bamboo. The larger the tissue ratio of sclerenchyma fibers, the better the compression performance.

关 键 词：压缩性能 维管束 微观结构 分布密度 组织比量 

分 类 号：S781.9[农业科学—木材科学与技术]