论我国专门法院制度的反思与重构  

On the Reflection and Reconstruction of Special Courts System in China

作　　者：程琥 Cheng Hu

机构地区：[1]北京市第四中级人民法院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2019年第3期175-195,共21页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：最高人民法院委托课题“专门法院的设置及管理体制问题研究”(SPCJR2018004)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：我国《宪法》和《人民法院组织法》对专门法院作出原则性规定,由于长期以来我国专门法院缺乏系统的理论研究和制度建构,专门法院设置几经调整,传统专门法院亟待升级改造,新型专门法院又不断建立起来。什么是专门法院,建设什么样的专门法院,怎么建设专门法院,这是当前摆在理论界和实务界面前亟待研究解决的重要课题。设置专门法院应当优先考虑必要性、专业性、协同性、案件量、法治化、战略性等因素,从根本上而言,设置专门法院应当重点考虑解决影响司法公正和制约司法能力的深层次体制机制问题,消除一些特殊案件审理中因地方保护和行政干预形成的诉讼“主客场”现象,实现专业性案件集中管辖和专门审理,构建普通案件在行政区划法院(地方法院)审理,特殊案件在跨行政区划法院(专门法院)审理的诉讼格局。基本思路是构建由地方法院、省综合性专门法院、跨省综合性专门法院、最高人民法院组成的完整专门法院组织体系。The Constitution and the Organic Law of the People's Court of China have set the principals for the special courts.For a long time,the special courts in China lack systematic theoretical research and system construction andthe establishment of the special courts has been adjusted several times,which leading to a situation that the traditional special courts urgently need to be upgraded and transformed while the s pecial courts have been continuously newly established.What is special court,what kind of special court need to be built and how to build are important issues the theoretical and practical fields confronting and tackling.The establishment of special courts should give priority to factors such as necessity,professionalism,cooperativity,the amount of cases,legalization and strategy.Fundamentally speaking,the establishment of special courts should focus on solving the deep-seated institutional and mechanistic problems which affect judicial justice and restricting judicial capacity and priority should also be given to eliminating the"home and away"litigation phenomenon caused by local protection and administrative intervention in the trial of some special cases by centralizing jurisdiction and special trials and by establishing a litigation pattern of ordinary cases trialed in administrative district courts(local courts)and special cases in cross-administrative district courts(special courts).The basic strategy is to construct a comprehensive organizational system for special courts composed of local courts,provincial comprehensive special courts,cross-provincial comprehensive special courts and the Supreme Court.

关 键 词：专门法院 设置现状 突出问题 基本构想 

分 类 号：D926.23[政治法律—法学]