基于五类空气质量指数的天津市环境空气质量评价  

Air quality assessment based on five kinds of air quality indexes in Tianjin

作　　者：樊琳[1] 倪洋[2] 曾强 顾清[1,2] FAN Lin;NI Yang;ZENG Qiang;GU Qing(School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院,天津300070 [2]天津市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2018年第9期803-808,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：天津市卫生行业重点攻关项目(16KG170)

摘　　要：目的了解天津市2014—2017年环境空气质量情况,并对五类空气质量指数(AQI,API,普适指数,ORAQI以及I_1空气质量指数)进行比较。方法收集2014—2017年天津市空气质量监测点的数据以及气象监测数据,运用主成分分析法,对天津市的空气环境质量进行综合评价。计算每日五类空气质量指数,对五类空气质量指数进行关联性分析并对不同空气质量指数进行比较评价。结果天津市环境空气污染的主要因素依次为PM_(2.5)、NO_2、PM_(10)和SO_2。基于五种空气质量指数的空气质量达标率逐年的变化趋势基本相同,基于五类空气质量指数的污染评价等级之间均存在相关性(P<0.01),基于五类空气质量指数的空气质量达标率差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),基于API和I_1空气质量指数(P=0.096 4)以及普适指数和ORAQI(P=0.218 4)的空气质量达标率无差别,基于其他各空气质量指数的空气质量达标率两两之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PM_(2.5)、NO_2、PM_(10)和SO_2为天津市主要空气污染物,五类空气质量指数的评价结果存在差异,建立当地特有的、可以综合反映空气污染程度以及人群健康的空气污染指数非常必要。Objective To understand the trends and status of air quality in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017,and compare the five kinds of air pollution assessment indices including AQI,API,an universal index,ORAQI,and I1 air quality index.Methods The data of air quality monitoring and the meteorological monitoring in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017 were collected.The principal component analysis was used to evaluate the air quality in Tianjin.Daily five kinds of air pollution assessment indices were calculated and compared.Results The main air pollutants in Tianjin were PM2.5,NO2,PM10 and SO2.The rates of reaching standard of air quality based on the five types of air quality indices revealed similar variation tendency,and there were correlations between the evaluation grades based on the five types of air quality indices(P<0.01).However,the differences of the rates of reaching standard of air quality based on the five types of air quality indices were statistically significant(P<0.01);There was no difference between the rates of reaching standard of air quality based on API and I1 air quality index(P=0.096 4),as well as generalized index and ORAQI(P=0.218 4);No significant difference was observed among the other indices(P<0.01).Conclusion PM2.5,NO2,PM10 and SO2 are the main air pollutants in Tianjin.There are differences in the evaluation results based on these five types of air pollution quality indices.Therefore it is necessary to establish a local-specific air pollution index that can comprehensively reflecting the level of air pollution and the health of the population.

关 键 词：环境空气质量 天津 主成分分析 空气质量指数 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]