山东省农村饮水中溶解性总固体变化规律及地理分布特点  

Characteristics of variation and geographic distribution of total dissolved solids in drinking water in rural areas of Shandong

作　　者：吕实波[1] 孔凡玲[1] 石峰[1] LU Shi-bo;KONG Fan-ling;SHI Feng(Institute for Monitoring and Assessment on Occupational and Environmental He alth,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ji ' nan,Shandong 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心职业与环境卫生监测评价所,山东济南250014

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2018年第9期813-816,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(2014ws0374)

摘　　要：目的研究山东省农村饮水中溶解性总固体变化规律及地理分布特点。方法对2014年山东省农村4 838份饮水样品的溶解性总固体变化规律进行相关性分析,对以地下水为水源的4 402份饮用水样品中溶解性总固体含量进行趋势面分析并绘制趋势面等值图。结果溶解性总固体的浓度范围为68～3 216 mg/L,以地下水为水源的饮用水中溶解性总固体超标率高于以地面水为水源的饮用水(χ~2=43.461,P<0.001);东部、中部和西部地区以地下水为水源的饮用水中溶解性总固体含量差异有统计学意义(χ~2=436.53,P<0.001),西部地区高于东部(χ~2=259.74,P<0.001)和中部(χ~2=374.07,P<0.001)地区,东、中部地区间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=6.92,P=0.031);根据三阶趋势面函数绘制的趋势面等值图显示山东省以地下水为水源的饮用水中溶解性总固体含量自西北向东南地区逐步下降。结论山东省农村以地下水为水源的饮用水中溶解性总固体含量分布有明显的地理趋势性。Objective To understand the characteristics of variation and geographic distribution of total dissolved solids(TDS)in drinking water in the rural areas of Shandong.Methods A total of 4 838 drinking water samples were collected in Shandong province in 2014,of which 4 402 were from waterworks using underground water as source.The variation of TDS was analyzed and the chorogram of trend surface of TDS in rural drinking water from underground water source was made.Results Among the 4 838 samples of drinking water,the level of TDS ranged from 68 mg/L to 3 216 mg/L.The over standard rate of TDS in drinking water from waterworks using underground water as source was significantly higher than that using surface water as source(χ^2=43.461,P<0.001);The levels of TDS in drinking water from underground water source showed significant difference among the east,central and west areas of Shandong(χ^2=436.53,P<0.001),and revealed the highest level in the west area of Shandong compared with those in the east(χ^2=259.74,P<0.001)and central area(χ^2=374.07,P<0.001);There was no significant difference in the levels of TDS between the east and central area of Shandong(χ^2=6.92,P=0.031);The levels of TDS decreased gradually from northwest to southeast.Conclusion The distribution of TDS in drinking water from underground water source presents obvious geographic trend in Shandong.

关 键 词：饮用水 溶解性总固体 总硬度 硫酸盐 氯化物 相关分析 趋势面分析 地理分布 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]