梵蒂冈的权力资源及其在当代世界事务中的作用  

The Vatican’s Power Resources and Its Role in World Affairs

作　　者：李存娜[1,2] Li Cunnia

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学学术期刊社

出　　处：《国际论坛》2019年第3期37-58,156,157,共24页International Forum

摘　　要：梵蒂冈是一个很重要、独特但经常被忽视的国际行为体。它既有领土国家的世俗身份,也有作为世界上最大、最古老、制度化最强的跨国宗教组织之中央领导机构的宗教身份,拥有丰厚的精神资源、组织资源和外交资源。和世俗国家相比,梵蒂冈具有无可比拟的精神资源,作为天主教徒的道德权威、全球意见领袖,它是规范倡导者,能够塑造信徒和非信徒的认知和偏好,进而影响其行动。和多数宗教行为体相比.梵蒂冈领导的天主教会非常重视制度建设.拥有古老、庞大而严密的组织网络和规则体系,因此具备优裕的组织资源。另夕卜.梵蒂冈代表的圣座是唯一被国际法承认的宗教行为体,而它代表的梵蒂冈城国又有领土主权,这就赋予它其他宗教行为体不可企及的外交资源。通过对这三种资源的综合运用,梵蒂冈能够在国家层次影响特定国家的公共政策和政治经济进程,能在国家间层次影响国际冲突与合作.还能在超国家层次影响作为一个整体的人类的行为规范。本文用“三种资源三个层次”的分析框架来分析梵蒂冈在当代世界公共事务中发挥的作用,并分别用波兰剧变、美古复交、开罗联合国人口与发展大会这三个案例加以说明。The Vatican is an important, unique, and often neglected international actor. It has both the secular status as a sovereign state, and the religious status as the central leadership of the Catholic Church, the largest, oldest,and most institutionalized transnational religious organization in the world. It is blessed with a wealth of spiritual, organizational,and diplomatic resources, endowing it with distinctive advantages which are unavailable to secular nation states and other religious actors. As the moral authority for Catholics and as a global opinion leader,the Vatican’s unrivaled spiritual resources lie in its role as a norm promoter, able to shape both the ideas and behaviors of believers and non-believers alike. Its excellent organizational resources stem from its emphasis on institutionalization as it has built a gigantic and closely-knit institutional network and a normative system. It has diplomatic resources no other religious body can hope to match because as the only religious actor recognized by international law, the Vatican also exercises sovereignty over its own territory. Taking advantage of these resources, it has been able to have an impact on the public policies and political-economic processes at the level of individual countries, on the choice between conflict and cooperation between or among nations, and even on the behavioral norms for humankind. This paper employs the three levels of analysis approach to examine how the Vatican uses its three resources to play a part in contemporary international affairs, and grounds the analysis in three case studies: Poland’s post-1989 transition, the US-Cuba thaw, and the 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo.

关 键 词：梵蒂冈 权力资源 波兰剧变 美古复交 联合国人口会议 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]