伊朗鲁哈尼政府的外交评析  

Iranian Diplomacy under the Rouhani Presidency

作　　者：赵广成[1,2] Zhao Guangcheng

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所 [2]西安外国语大学伊朗文化研究中心

出　　处：《国际论坛》2019年第3期139-154,160,共17页International Forum

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点研究基地项目“核不扩散体制外国家比较研究”(项目批准号:11J2004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：2013年鲁哈尼是在保守派内贾德执政八年后的内外交困中当选总统的。他上任后面临着两大政治任务:一是改善由于长期国际制裁而愈发艰难的经济形势;二是缓解由于激进外交而被层层加码的国际制裁。他一边采取措施解决国内燃眉之急,一边致力于通过核谈判撬动了伊朗与美国和西方国家的关系,通过缓和伊美关系带动伊朗对外关系的全面改善,国内经济形势和民生状况一时大为改观。由于伊美关系的结构性障碍并未消除,加之伊朗在地区外交中积极进取,美国特朗普政府退出核协议、重启对伊制裁并进行"极限施压",致使伊朗国内经济形势和民生状况再一次急剧恶化。但是,鲁哈尼政府并未宣布重启核计划,而是联合欧盟和中俄两国尽量维护核协议,大力加强与中俄欧和地区国家的经贸合作关系。这种有理有节的斗争在一定程度上抵销了美国失信行为的负面效应。Hassan Rouhani was elected Iranian President in 2013 amid the internal and external predicaments caused by the eight-year presidency of the conservative Ahmadinejad. Rouhani faced two major political tasks when he took office: the first was to improve the worsening economic situation due to lengthy international sanctions,and the second was to ease the mounting international sanctions imposed by the West in response to Ahmadinejad’s radical diplomacy.While taking measures to address pressing domestic needs, he worked to conduct nuclear negotiations and improve relations with the United States. The nuclear negotiations with the US and the rest of the West led to an overall improvement in Iran’s foreign relations, resulting in considerable improvement in the domestic economic situation and people’s livelihood. But because of the persistent structural obstacles between Iran and the US, and Iran’s aggressive regional diplomacy, the Trump Administration withdrew from the nuclear deal and resumed sanctions, exerting "maximal pressure" on Iran. Yet, the Rouhani government has not announced the resumption of its nuclear program, and has worked with the European Union, China and Russia to salvage the nuclear agreement. It has also substantially strengthened economic and trade cooperation with China, Russia, Europe and regional countries. This measured response has partly offset the negative effects of Trump’s policies.

关 键 词：鲁哈尼政府 伊朗外交 伊核问题 伊朗美国关系 

分 类 号：D50[政治法律—政治学]