80岁以上男性保健人群慢性病患病情况及其与日常生活活动能力的关联分析  

Prevalence of chronic diseases and associate factors on daily activities in male oldest-olds

作　　者：李嘉琦 刘淼 吕宪玉 汤如 杨雪 尹明 何耀 Li Jiaqi;Liu Miao;Lyu Xianyu;Tang Ru;Yang Xue;Yin Ming;He Yao(The Third Outpatient Department of the General Logistics Department,Beijing 100039,China;Institute of Geriatrics,Beijing Key Laboratory of Research on Aging and Related Diseases,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;The Second Medical Center,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Outpatient of The Second Medical Center,Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China)

机构地区：[1]后勤保障部第三门诊部,北京100039 [2]中国人民解放军总医院第二医学中心老年医学研究所衰老与相关疾病研究北京市重点实验室国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心,北京100853 [3]中国人民解放军总医院第二医学中心,北京100853 [4]中国人民解放军总医院第二医学中心门诊部,北京100853

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2019年第5期537-541,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81703285);北京市自然科学基金(7174350);北京市科技新星(Z181100006218085);军队专项(CWS12J139,15BJZ41,17BJZ51);北京市科委课题(Z161100005016021);国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心开放课题(NCRCG-PLAGH-2017017);解放军总医院医疗大数据研发项目(2018MBD-029).

摘　　要：目的探讨高龄保健人群慢性病的患病情况,并分析其对日常活动能力的影响。方法2012-2014年,采用统一的健康调查表,对北京市驻京部队干休所全部≥80岁老年人进行日常生活活动能力状况调查。通过病例记录,获得其慢性病患病情况。结果纳入4472名男性高龄老年人,年龄(87.1±3.9)岁(80~102岁)。慢性病患病数量为0~10(M=4)种,其中约50%患有≥5种慢性病。基本日常生活活动能力(BADL)受损的比例为43.9%,中度及重度功能障碍者达到了13.4%。工具性日常生活活动能力(IADL)受损的比例为38.8%,中度及重度功能障碍者达到28.7%。随着慢性病数量的增加,日常生活活动能力逐渐下降。BDAL受损的比例从40.5%增加到50.6%。IADL受损的比例也随着慢性病数量显著增加,从24.7%增加到49.5%。相对于慢性病数量较低者(≤2种),患有≥7种慢性病者其BADL受损的风险增加了50.5%,IADL受损的风险增加了199.4%。结论男性高龄保健人群多病共存和日常生活活动能力受损情况严重,且多病共存对IADL的影响较大。Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases in aged ≥ 80 oldest- olds and related factors influencing their daily activities. Methods This survey was conducted in the retired cadres in Beijing from 2012 to 2014. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics of the oldest-olds and the activities of daily living (ADL). Information on chronic diseases was extracted from related medical records. Results A total of 4 472 male oldest- olds, with an average age as (87.1±3.9) years (80-102 years), were included. Nearly half of the elderly people were suffering from 5 or more kinds of chronic diseases, with 43.9% of them having disability on basic daily activities (BADL) with 13.4% of those classified as moderate or severe cases. 38.8% of them had instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability, with 28.7% of them were moderate or severe cases. The ADL disability showed an increasing trend along with the increase number of chronic diseases. The proportion of BADL disability increased from 40.5% to 50.6%. Compared with the ones having fewer chronic diseases (≤ 2 kinds), those with more (≥ 7 kinds) had an increase of 50.5% risk on BADL disability and 199.4% on IADL disability. Conclusion We noticed that the male oldest-olds suffered from multiple chronic diseases. The impairment of ADL was higher than the younger elderly. Comorbidity showed heavier impact on ADL, especially on the instrumental activities of daily living.

关 键 词：高龄老年 慢性病 日常生活活动能力 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]