土壤日晒在绿色植保中的应用与展望  

The application and prospect of soil solarization in the green plant protection

作　　者：胡静荣[1] 史彩华[1] 石琳琳 魏启文 吴青君[2] 方守国[1] 李传仁[1] 张友军[2] HU Jingrong;SHI Caihua;SHI Linlin;WEI Qiwen;WU Qingjun;FANG Shouguo;LI Chuanren;ZHANG Youjun(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《植物保护》2019年第3期27-35,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201600);国家自然科学基金(31772170);蔬菜有害生物控制与优质栽培北京市重点实验室项目

摘　　要：土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。Soil disinfection is mainly used for control of soil pathogens, pests and weeds. In the past few decades, soil was mainly disinfected by chemical fumigation, but their misuse has caused environmental pollution. Soil steam disinfection, flame disinfection and hot water irrigation require special equipment. Moreover, these methods have some disadvantages, such as energy consumption, strong inactivation and easy to destroy soil structure, etc. At present, soil solarization attracts wide attention from agricultural scientists over 70 countries such as Italy, the United States and Israel, etc., but it is still in its infancy in China. This paper summarizes the influences and application of soil solarization on plant diseases, pests and weeds in agriculture, soil fertility, crop yield, etc., analyzes the limitations of soil solarization. Furthermore, the application foreground of soil solarization in future green prevention and control is prospected. So it can be expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the pollution-free production of agricultural products.

关 键 词：土壤日晒 土壤消毒 病虫草害 绿色防控 

分 类 号：S477[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]