一起工业探伤辐射事故的国际救援概况与分析  

International Rescue Overview and Analysis of an Industrial Flaw Detection Radiation Accident

作　　者：李小华[1] 李俊杰[1] 陈维 李世祯 何列 陈远登 王健旭 张博洋 Li Xiaohua;Li Junjie;Chen Wei;Li Shizhen;He Lie;Chen Yuandeng;Wang Jianxu;Zhang Boyang(School of Nuclear Science & Technology,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院,衡阳421001

出　　处：《核安全》2019年第2期14-35,共22页Nuclear Safety

基　　金：湖南省教育厅项目;项目编号:16C1363;教育部首批"三全育人"综合改革试点项目;项目编号:教思政厅函[2018]36号

摘　　要：本文结合2012年秘鲁发生的一起^(192)Ir源工业探伤辐射事故,对其辐射安全监管机构及法律法规进行了初步介绍,并从事故发生过程、应急响应、初步剂量评估、临床表现与诊断以及IAEA援助团的医疗建议、剂量重建、受照者医疗管理、结论和经验教训等方面对该起辐射事故进了分析说明。事故的实践表明:探伤公司RPO未到探伤现场监督作业过程,由未获得探伤作业许可证的工人操作探伤设备,且未配带辐射报警仪,未利用辐射监测仪判断放射源是否回到探伤机源容器内,是事故发生的主要原因。事件和紧急情况信息统一交换系统、IAEA国际援助团的快速组建和医疗建议、IAEA会员国的密切合作、辐射损伤专业医疗技术、充足的资金,可以为事故应急和受照人员的医疗救助提供有力保障。本案例可为辐射事故应急提供借鉴和参考。The radiation safety regulatory agencies and legislation were introduced preliminarily in this paper based on Peru ^192Ir Source Industrial Radiography Radiation Accident in 2012(PISIRRA). And the accident process, emergency response, preliminary dose assessment, clinical manifestations and diagnoses, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) assistance medical recommendations, dose reconstruction, medical management of the exposed patients, conclusions and lessons learned for PISIRRA were analyzed and explained at the same time. The practice of PISIRRA proved that the the main cause of the accident includes radiation protection offi-cer (RPO) of the industrial radiography company was absent from the radiography site to supervise the opera-tion process, the workers who hadn't obtained individual radiography licences operated radiography camera, and didn't wear alarm dosimeters, and didn't use area radiation monitor to verify whether the source had re-turned to radiography camera after every exposure. The information unified system for incidents and emergen-cies, rapid establishment of IAEA international assistance mission and medical advice, close cooperation of IAEA member states, radiation damage professional medical technology, sufficient funds, which can provide a strong guarantee for emergency response and medical assistance. This accident could provide experience and reference for future radiation accident emergency.

关 键 词：^192IR 放射源 工业探伤 辐射事故 IAEA 剂量 

分 类 号：TL733[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]