中国合宪性审查的宪法文本实现  

The Realization of the Constitutional Text of China’s Constitutional Review

作　　者：刘连泰[1] Liu Liantai

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2019年第5期100-120,206,共22页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“宪法中的征地规范解释研究”(16BFX028)阶段性成果

摘　　要：宪法文本的结构和逻辑决定了合宪性审查的制度逻辑。中国宪法文本包含消极规范和积极规范,具有行动纲领的性质。国家和公民都是宪法关系的主体,消极规范蕴含“遵守”义务,积极规范蕴含“执行”义务。全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据消极规范判断立法是否与宪法抵触,多元主体根据积极规范判断立法是否适当。中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征,中国共产党享有概括的合宪性审查权,该权力应由中共中央行使,可以由中央全民依法治国委员会承担具体工作。中共中央在技术上一般不直接作出合宪性判断,可以指导、建议相关机构作出判断。国家不遵守消极规范或者“不适当”执行积极规范,将产生直接的宪法责任,公民不遵守消极规范的责任需要法律规定。The structure and logic of the text of constitution determine the institutional logic of the constitutional review. China’s constitutional text includes negative and positive provisions and has the character of a program of action. The state and citizens are both subjects of constitutional relations.“Negative provisions” refers to obligations that must be complied with, while “positive provisions” refers to obligations to be executed. The National People’s Congress and its standing committee judge whether legislation conflicts with the constitution in terms of negative provisions;and multiple entities judge whether legislation is suitable in terms of positive provisions. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics;the Communist Party possesses the power of constitutional review. This power should be exerted by the Party Central Committee, with specific tasks being undertaken by its Committee on Comprehensively Governing the Country according to Law. The Central Committee generally does not make technical judgements on constitutional matters, but rather guides and gives suggestions for the judgements of the relevant bodies. If the state fails to observe negative provisions or executes positive provisions “improperly,” this will result in direct constitutional liability. Citizens’ liability for failing to comply with the Constitution’s negative provisions should be determined under law.

关 键 词：消极规范 积极规范 遵守 执行 宪法责任 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]