不同肥料对华南双季稻产量及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double Cropping Rice in South China

作　　者：傅友强[1] 钟旭华[1] 梁开明[1] 潘俊峰[1] 刘彦卓[1] 胡香玉 彭碧琳[1] 陈荣彬[1] 胡锐 黄农荣[1] FU Youqiang;ZHONG Xuhua;LIANG Kaiming;PAN Junfeng;LIU Yanzhuo;HU Xiangyu;PENG Bilin;CHEN Rongbing;HU Rui;HUANG Nongrong(Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology for Rice Breeding, Guangzhou 510640, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室

出　　处：《中国稻米》2019年第3期26-32,共7页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300108-5);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503106);广东省应用型科技研发专项资金项目(2015B020231002-7);世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目(0724-1610A08N1125);广东省自然科学基金(2017A030313110)

摘　　要：肥料种类和施肥方式会影响水稻产量和养分吸收利用效率。本文研究了等氮条件下不同肥料对华南双季稻产量及其构成因子、物质转运和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与施控释肥(N、P、K含量分别为25%、6%和19%)处理相比,施传统复合肥(N、P、K含量均为15%)和快美复混肥(N、P、K含量分别为24%、7%和19%)的处理,水稻抽穗期叶片SPAD值显著增加,穗部干物质累积量、穗部干物质累积速率和库容量分别增加2.7%~17.1%、1.6%~17.1%和5.4%~11.0%;水稻总吸氮量、氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力分别增加9.4%~38.2%、26.6%~102.4%、19.3%~76.7%和4.5%~15.1%。在本试验条件下,快美复混肥是提高华南双季稻产量、氮肥利用效率的优势肥源。The fertilizer types and the fertilization methods affect the yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice. In this paper, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types on rice yield, yield components, material translocation, fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with the controlled release fertilizer(the contents of N, P, K were 25%, 6% and 19% respectively), the SPAD values of heading date of the traditional compound fertilizer(the conetnts of N, P, K were 15% respectively) and Kuaimei mixed fertilizer (the contents of N, P, K were 24%, 7% and 19% respectively) were increased significantly, and the dry matter accumulation of panicles, its accumulation rate and sink capacity were increased by 2.7%~17.1%, 1.6%~17.1% and 5.4%~11.0%, respectively, the total N uptake, N fertilizer recycling efficiency, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer, partial factor productivity of applied N were enhanced by 9.4%~38.2%, 26.6%~102.4%, 19.3%~76.7% and 4.5%~15.1%, respectively. Under the conditions of this test, Kuaimei mixed fertilizer was the ideal fertilizer to improve the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping rice in South China.

关 键 词：水稻 肥料 产量 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]