日本自民党的适应性改革及其“一强”政党地位的确立  

The Reform of the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party and the Establishment of Its One-party Dominance

作　　者：曲静 QU Jing

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2019年第3期80-93,149,共15页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

基　　金：哈尔滨工程大学智库支持项目“东北亚区域安全与发展研究智库”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：五五年体制解体后,日本自民党经历了两次短暂下野后再度长期执政,在国会议员数量和政党支持率上远远超过其他在野党,日本政党格局呈现"一强多弱"的局面。除了在野党四分五裂的客观原因,政党理念和组织架构的适应性改革是自民党能够维持"一强"地位的主要原因。政治右倾化和新自由主义的经济改革、首相官邸主导和党内融合政治的并存、选举职业化和获得公明党支持等,自民党通过加强自身建设和改革巩固了执政党地位。自民党远胜于其他政党的适应能力,将使其长期执政,"一强"政党地位更加巩固。Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party(LDP) has established a long- term dominance since the disintegration of the 1955 system, even with two short intervals of falling from power. Japan’s political configuration is, therefore, characterized as the one-party dominance of LDP and weak opposition parties, with the number of congressmen affiliated to LDP and LDP’s support rate far exceeding those of other opposition parties. Besides the political divides between opposition parties, the reform of LDP in revising its policy concepts and organization is the major cause of its dominance. In the context of political rightist deviation, neo-liberal economic reform, the coexistence of bureaucratic dominance and intra-party integration politics, the electoral professionalism and the support of the Komeito Party, the LDP has consolidated its position as a ruling party by promoting its reform and strengthening its own organization. The adaptability of LDP is much better than that of other political parties, contributing to its long-term ruling party and the stability of the one- party dominance in Japan’s political configuration.

关 键 词：日本政治 自民党 适应性变革 “一强”政党 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]