武汉市三类不同大气污染过程下大气污染物特征及潜在源区分析  

Characteristics of Air Pollutants and their Potential Source in Three Types of Pollution Episodes in Wuhan

作　　者：王红磊[1,2] 沈利娟 施双双[1] 卢文[1] 刘安康 WANG Honglei;SHEN Lijuan;SHI Shuangshuang;LU Wen;LIU Ankang(Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室,南京210044 [2]上海市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2019年第2期27-39,共13页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0602003);上海市大气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室开放课题(FDLAP18006)

摘　　要：为了探讨武汉市不同类型大气污染过程中大气污染物变化特征,分析对比了沙尘、秸秆燃烧和霾污染过程中大气污染物(SO2,NO2,CO,O3,PM2.5和PM10)的变化特征及其影响因素。使用HYSPLIT模式计算了不同类型污染过程中气团轨迹,并利用潜在源区贡献(potential source contribution function,PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(concentration weighted trajectory,CWT)分析方法,揭示了武汉市不同类型污染过程中大气污染物的潜在源区分布及其贡献特性。结果表明,不同类型污染下大气污染物变化不同。沙尘天主要以PM10污染为主,平均浓度为408.8μg/m^3,是干净天的5.9倍,PM2.5/PM10仅为29%。霾过程中主要以PM2.5污染为主,平均浓度为182.8μg/m^3,是干净天的3.7倍,PM2.5/PM10为90.4%。秸秆燃烧过程中大气污染物浓度均不同程度地增加,其中PM2.5、PM10和SO2的浓度分别为100.2μg/m^3,155.4μg/m^3和23.7μg/m^3,是干净天的1.8倍,1.6倍和1.6倍。表明,不同类型污染下大气污染物的日变化不同,不同类型污染过程中大气污染物的潜在源区差异较大。沙尘期间大气污染物的主要潜在源区为安徽、河南南部、沙尘源区的内蒙古和甘肃等地区。霾过程中大气污染物的主要潜在源区为湖南东北部、湖北东部、安徽西南部、浙江西部、江西北部和河南南部。秸秆燃烧过程中大气污染物的主要潜在源区为安徽、江苏西南部和河南东南部。Air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5, and PM10) and their impact factors were analyzed in order to investigate the pollution characteristics under different pollution types. HYSPLIT model was uesd to calculate the air mass trajectories for different types of pollution episodes. Additionally, the potential source distributions and their contribution fractions for air pollutants were derived by using the methods of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT). Results show that air pollutants vary with different types of pollution episodes. During the dust pollution episode, PM10 was dominant, with an average concentration of 408.8 μg/m^3, which was 5.9 times the value of that on clean days. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio declined to 29%. During the haze episode, the pollution was featured by PM2.5, with an average concentration of 182.8 μg/m3, which was 3.7 times the value of that on clean days. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio rates increased to 90.4%. During the straw burning episode, the concentration of all pollutants under consideration increased at different extent. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were 100.2 μg/m^3, 155.4 μg/m^3, and 23.7 μg/m^3, respectively, which were 1.8, 1.6, and 1.6 times of those on clean days. The diurnal variations of the air pollutants and their potential sources varied during different pollution episodes. The major potential source region was located at An? hui, southern Henan, inner Mongolia, and Gansu for the dust episode, and northeastern Hunan, eastern Hubei, southwestern Anhui, western Zhejiang, northern Jiangxi, and southern Henan for the haze episode, as well as at Anhui, southwestern Jiangsu, and southeastern Henan for the straw burning episode.

关 键 词：武汉 沙尘 霾 秸秆燃烧 潜在源区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]