美国农业政策是如何制定的?  

How is the US Agricultural Policy Formulated?

作　　者：拉里·桑德斯 王宇(译)[2] Larry D. Sanders;Wang Yu

机构地区：[1]美国俄克拉荷马州立大学农业经济系 [2]中国人民银行研究局

出　　处：《金融发展研究》2019年第5期34-37,共4页Journal Of Financial Development Research

摘　　要：通过理论模型分析制定美国农业政策的过程。在确定国会议员听取和参与起草农业立法方面,内部因素和外部因素共同发挥作用。支持立法的内部因素包括国会议员的个人动机和信念、增加重新当选的机会、筛选大量信息的需要,以及可靠信息源的持续性。外部因素包括选民的压力、政党资历以及同僚和政府的压力。国会工作人员负责提供专业知识。在利益集团要求下,农业立法由众议院和参议院起草并通过,然后由总统签署或者否决,最终成为法律或者消失。如果成为法律,联邦政府将根据财政拨款情况实施立法。对计划的资金支持可以是强制性的,也可以是自由支配的。This paper analyzes the process of the US agricultural policy formulation through theoretical models.In-ternal and external factors work together in the aspect of deciding members of Congress to listen to and participate in the drafting of agricultural legislation.Internal factors supporting legislation include the personal motivations and beliefs of members of Congress,the increase of the chances of re-election,the need to screen large amounts of information,and the sustainability of reliable sources of information.External factors include voter pressure,party qualifications,and pressure from peers and government.The Congress staff is responsible for providing expertise.At the request of in-terest groups,agricultural legislation is drafted and passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate,and then signed or rejected by the President,eventually becoming law or disappearing.If it becomes law,the federal govern-ment will implement legislation based on financial allocations.Financial support for the program can be mandatory or discretionary.

关 键 词：农业政策 农业利益集团 立法 资金支持 

分 类 号：F830[经济管理—金融学]