日本民间儒学者的社会实践活动——“俭约”思想的意义  

Social Practice Activities of Japanese Civil Confucian Scholars——The Significance of Thrifty Thought

作　　者：韩立红[1] Han Lihong

机构地区：[1]南开大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日本研究》2019年第1期75-84,共10页Japan Studies

摘　　要：日本江户时代,儒学发展的特点是重实用主义和行动主义,特别是儒家思想向民间普及后,出现了提倡在百姓日常生活中实践儒家伦理道德的庶民思想家。江户时代中后期的儒学者石田梅岩从商人的立场出发,展开了大众心学运动,晚于石田梅岩100年后出生的儒学者二宫尊德从农民阶级的立场出发,展开了大众报德运动。二者皆从庶民的实际生活需要出发,提倡“俭约”的生活方式,并给“俭约”思想以哲学范畴上普遍的意义。他们没有像前人那样,认为“俭约”只是为了个人发家致富的“吝啬”和“节约”,而是从更高的角度去理解“俭约”。二者认为,“俭约”是摒除私欲的道德实践活动,“俭约”是“修身齐家治国平天下”。这样一个具有普遍意义的“俭约”道德实践活动深入人心,不仅缓解了百姓拮据的日常生活现状,符合了统治阶级的治国要求,也给日本近世社会商品经济的发展奠定了积累财富的基础。Throughout the Edo period in Japan, the development of Confucianism was characterized by pragmatism and activism. Especially after the popularization of Confucianism among the people, the civil thinkers appeared. They advocated the practice of Confucian ethics in people's lives.As the Confucian Scholars in the middle and late Edo period, Ishida Baigan launched the populace psychology movement, from the view of the business class. Ninomiya Sondoku, bom 100 years later launched the populace movement of repaying kindness from the view of the class of peasants. They advocated a thrifty life style from the real life needs and explored the significance of it in philosophical category. Their predecessors thought being thrifty was just for getting rich, like being stingy. But they didn' t think so. They explicated the implication of prudence from a better perspective. They posited that prudence be a moral practice to help discard selfishness, to self-cultivating, family-regulating, state-ordering, the land great governed. Such a Social Practice Activity of, that having universal meaning, deeply being thrifty rooted in the hearts of the people .It not only alleviates the people's straitened daily life, but also accumulates wealth for the development of commodity economy in modem Japan.

关 键 词：民间儒学者 石田梅岩 二宫尊德 俭约思想 实践道德 

分 类 号：K313.3[历史地理—历史学]