内蒙古荒漠草原不同等级降水时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Precipitation in Different Grades in Inner Mongolia Desert Steppe

作　　者：韩芳[1] 李丹[1] HAN Fang;LI Dan(Inner Mongolia Ecology and Agrometeorology Centre, Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2019年第3期90-99,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201601061);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目《基于多源卫星遥感的内蒙古干旱监测预警研究》;内蒙古自然科学基金(2016MS0320、2017MS0410、2017MS0411)

摘　　要：根据内蒙古荒漠草原11个气象观测站1961~2010年逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、趋势分析、反距离权重(IDW)差值法,分析内蒙古荒漠草原50 a不同等级降水贡献率及降水日数的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)内蒙古荒漠草原以日降水量≤5mm的降水事件为主。各级降水对总降水量的贡献率大小依次为中雨>小雨>小到中雨>大雨>微雨>暴雨>大暴雨;(2)近50年微雨、小雨的贡献率波动中减少,中雨的贡献率增加;(3)微雨、小雨、小到中雨日数均呈弱减少的趋势,仅中雨日数呈增加趋势,但不显著,主要分布在荒漠草原中南部和北部;(4)空间上,微雨、小雨、小到中雨的降水日数呈现由南向北逐渐减少的分布特征;中雨日数最多分布在草原区西南部。小降水事件(≤5mm降水)对荒漠草原生态系统具有显著的生态作用,研究结果可为当地畜牧业生产提供科学参考。According to the daily precipitation data of 11 meteorological observation stations in Inner Mongolia desert steppe from 1961 to 2010, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation contribution rates and precipitation days of different grades in 50 years in Inner Mongolia desert steppe were analyzed by linear tendency estimation, trend analysis and inverse distance weight (IDW) different method. The results show that:(1) The Inner Mongolia desert grassland was dominated by precipitation events with daily precipitation less than 5mm. The contribution rate of all grades of precipitation to total rainfall was in order of moderate rain > light rain > light to moderate rain > heavy rain > little rain > rainstorm > heavy rainstorm.(2) In the recent 50 years, the contribution rate of little and light rain decreased in the fluctuation, while that of moderate rain increased.(3) Except the slightly increase of moderate rain days, the days of little rain, light rain and light to moderate rain showed weak increased. It was mainly distributed in the central and south, north of the desert steppe.(4) In space, the number of precipitation days with little rain, light rain and light to moderate rain gradually decreased from south to north;the days of moderate rain was mostly distributed in the southwest of the desert steppe. Considering the significant ecological effect on desert steppe ecosystem of light precipitation events (≤5mm), this research results can provide scientific reference for local animal husbandry production.

关 键 词：降水等级 贡献率 时空变化 荒漠草原 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]