不同时期的轻修剪对云南大叶种茶叶产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Light Pruning in Different Period on Tea Yield and Quality of Yunnan Big-Leaf Varieties

作　　者：殷丽琼[1,2,3] 肖星 刘德和[1,2,3] 孙云南 邓少春 罗琼仙[1,2,3] 夏丽飞 杨琼[4] 梁名志 YIN Li-qiong;XIAO Xing;LIU De-he;SUN Yun-nan;DENG Shao-chun;LUO Qiong-xian;XIA Li-fei;YANG Qiong;LIANG Ming-zhi(Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Menghai 666201, China;Yunnan Technology Engineering Research Center of Tea Germplasm Innovation and Supporting Cultivation, Yunnan Menghai 666201, China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Yunnan Menghai 666201, China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Menghun Town, Yunnan Menghai 666209,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,云南勐海666201 [2]云南省茶树种质资源创新与配套栽培技术工程研究中心,云南勐海666201 [3]云南省茶学重点实验室,云南勐海666201 [4]勐海县勐混镇农业综合服务中心,云南勐海666209

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第5期1034-1038,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省社会发展科技计划项目(2012CH008);云南省高技术产业发展项目“云南中低产茶园改造关键技术集成与示范”

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同处理对茶树新梢生长,产量和品质的影响,为云南大叶茶成龄茶树的修剪提供理论依据。【方法】以云南大叶种茶树品种‘佛香1-11’为材料进行田间试验,设置冬季轻修剪和春茶后轻修剪2个不同时期的修剪处理,对茶树新梢的开采期、新梢机械组成、鲜叶产量及水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱含量等生理指标进行对比分析。【结果】冬季轻修剪处理的春茶和夏茶开采期分别比春茶后轻修剪处理的早11和8d,但其春茶采摘期较春茶后轻修剪处理短;春茶后轻修剪处理的全年鲜叶产量比冬季轻修剪处理高11.26%,且处理间差异达显著水平;春茶后轻修剪处理可提高春茶萌发质量,其正常芽叶比例为100%,冬季轻修剪处理春季正常芽叶比例为73.4%,春茶后轻修剪处理的正常芽叶比例显著高于冬季轻修剪处理;修剪使茶多酚含量和咖啡碱含量显著增高;春茶后轻修剪处理可提高春季烘青和晒青的香气和滋味,干茶白毫显露。【结论】春茶后轻修剪可提高茶树鲜叶产量,改善春茶品质,春季芽叶茸毛增多形成抗性结构,是云南大叶种茶树提质增产抗旱有效艺措施。【Objective】This paper studied the influence of different treatments on the growth, yield and quality of new shoots of the tea tree, and provided the theoretical basis for the pruning of adult tea tree in Yunnan Province.【Method】Using Yunnan big-leaf tea varieties ‘Foxiang 1-11’ as the material to do the field experiment, setting two different period treatments with light pruning in winter and spring after spring tea, and the picking period, mechanical composition, fresh leaf yield, water extract, tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine and other physiological indexes of tea shoots were compared and analyzed.【Result】The period to pick spring tea and summer tea with light pruning in winter were 11 and 8 days earlier than that with light pruning after spring tea, but the spring tea picking period was shorter than that of light pruning after spring tea. The yield of light pruning after spring tea was 11.26 % higher than that of light pruning in winter, and the difference was significant between the two treatments. Light pruning treatment after spring tea could improve the quality of fresh tea bud, and its normal bud leaf proportion was 100 %, which with winter light pruning was at 73.4 %. The normal fresh tea bud proportion with light pruning treatment after spring tea was significantly higher than that with winter light pruning treatment. The content of polyphenols and caffeine of tea were significantly increased after pruning. Pruning after spring tea could improve the aroma and taste of spring baked green tea and sun-dried green tea, and the white fuzz of the dry tea was obvious.【Conclusion】The above showed that the light pruning after spring tea could improve the yield of fresh leaves and the quality of spring tea, and the growth of white fuzz form resistance structure, and was an agronomic measure to increase the yield of Yunnan big-leaf varieties.

关 键 词：茶树 修剪 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S571[农业科学—作物学]